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CLIC4 is essential for host competence for metastasis in murine models of breast cancer and a prognostic indicator for human breast cancer

ABSTRACT: CLIC4 belongs to a family of highly conserved metamorphic proteins of the glutathione‐S‐transferase superfamily and dysregulation is implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension, asthma, and ovarian cancer. We show that genetic ablation of host Clic4 eliminated the establishment of breast cancer lung metastases in two independent mouse models while Clic4 null tumor cells retained metastatic capability. TCGA and METABRIC data indicated that CLIC4 is elevated in human breast cancers from young women, those with poor prognosis and those with early stage metastatic disease. Experimentally, the essential Clic4 host contributions for metastatic competence depended on circulating levels of pro‐ metastatic mediators, neoangiogenesis, tumor cell attachment to lung tissue, myofibroblast differentiation, and leukocyte migration. CLIC4 was abundant in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from tumor‐bearing wildtype mice but absent in EVs from tumor‐bearing Clic4 null hosts or wildtype hosts bearing Clic4 null‐tumors suggesting cross‐talk between host and tumor cells is required to deposit CLIC4 in EVs. These results illuminate CLIC4 as a critical host factor for metastatic competence, a potential prognostic marker for breast cancer patients and a target for anti‐metastatic therapy.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE141057 | GEO | 2020/11/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Densely ionizing radiation is a major component of the space radiation environment and has potentially greater carcinogenic effect compared to sparsely ionizing radiation that is prevalent in the terrestrial environment. It is unknown to what extent the irradiated microenvironment contributes to the differential carcinogenic potential of densely ionizing radiation. To address this gap, 10-week old BALB/c mice were irradiated with 100 cGy sparsely ionizing g-radiation or 10, 30, or 80 cGy of densely ionizing, 350 MeV/amu Si particles and transplanted 3 days later with syngeneic Trp53 null mammary fragments. Tumor appearance was monitored for 600 days. Tumors arising in Si-particle irradiated mice had a shorter median time to appearance, grew faster and were more likely to metastasize. Most tumors arising in sham-irradiated mice were ER-positive, pseudo-glandular and contained both basal keratin 14 and luminal keratin 8/18 cells (designated K14/18), while most tumors arising in irradiated hosts were K8/18 positive (designated K18) and ER negative. Comparison of K18 vs K14/18 tumor expression profiles showed that genes increased in K18 tumors were associated with ERBB2 and KRAS while decreased genes overlapped with those down regulated in metastasis and by loss of E-cadherin. Consistent with this, K18 tumors grew faster than K14/18 tumors and more mice with K18 tumors developed lung metastases compared to mice with K14/18 tumors. However, K18 tumors arising in Si-particle irradiated mice grew even faster and were more metastatic compared to control mice. A K18 Si-irradiated host profile was enriched in genes involved in mammary stem cells, stroma, and Notch signaling. Thus systemic responses to densely ionizing radiation enriches for a ER-negative, K18-positive tumor, whose biology is more aggressive compared to similar tumors arising in non-irradiated hosts. Key Words: ionizing radiation; breast cancer; heavy ion radiation;initiation; promotion 3 different dose of Si were used. Total RNA was extracted from mammary tumors derived from transplantations of non-irradiated p53null mammary fragments into irradiated hosts. We analyzed a total of 45 Trp53-null tumors: 18 from sham-irradiated hosts, 9 from 10 cGy Si-irradiated hosts, 10 from 30 cGy Si-irradiated hosts, and 8 from irradiated hosts.

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CLIC4 is essential for host competence for metastasis in murine models of breast cancer and a prognostic indicator for human breast cancer

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