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Transcriptome analysis-identified long noncoding RNA CRNDE in maintaining endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation

ABSTRACT: Obesity is a leading risk factor for type-2 diabetes. Diabetes often leads to the dysregulation of angiogenesis, although, the mechanism is not fully understood. Previously, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to modulate angiogenesis. In this study, we asked how the expression levels of lncRNAs change in endothelial cells in response to excessive palmitic acid treatment, an obesity-like condition. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 305 protein-coding transcripts were upregulated and 70 were downregulated, while 64 lncRNAs were upregulated and 46 were downregulated. Gene ontology and pathway analysis identified endoplasmic reticulum stress, HIF-1 signaling, and Toll-like receptor signaling as enriched after palmitic acid treatment. In addition, we newly report enrichment of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, IL-17 signaling, and cysteine and methionine metabolism by palmitic acid. One lncRNA, Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed (CRNDE), was selected for further investigation. Palmitic acid induces CRNDE expression by 1.9-fold. We observed that CRNDE knockdown decreases endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation. These decreases are synergistic under palmitic acid stress. These data demonstrated that CRNDE is a regulator of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in response to palmitic acid, and a potential target for therapies treating the complications of obesity-induced diabetes.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE141126 | GEO | 2019/12/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background—Diabetes is a prevalent public health problem that affects about one third of the U.S. population and leads to serious vascular complications with increased risk for coronary artery disease. How bone marrow hematopoiesis contributes to diabetes complications is incompletely understood. We thus investigated the role of bone marrow endothelial cells in diabetic regulation of inflammatory myeloid cell production. Methods and Results—In three types of mouse diabetes, we observed enhanced proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) leading to augmented circulating myeloid cell numbers. Analysis of bone marrow niche cells revealed that endothelial cells in diabetic mice expressed less Cxcl12, a retention factor promoting HSPC quiescence. Transcriptome-wide analysis of bone marrow endothelial cells demonstrated enrichment of genes involved in epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in mice with diet-induced diabetes. To explore whether endothelial EGFR plays a functional role in myelopoiesis, we generated mice with endothelial-specific deletion of EGFR (Cdh5Cre EGFRfl/fl). Unexpectedly, we found enhanced HSPC proliferation and increased myeloid cell production in Cdh5Cre EGFRfl/fl mice compared to wild type mice with diabetes. Disrupted EGFR signaling in endothelial cells decreased their expression of the HSPC retention factor angiopoietin-1. We tested the functional relevance of these findings for wound healing and atherosclerosis, both implicated in complications of diabetes. Inflammatory myeloid cells accumulated more in skin wounds of diabetic Cdh5Cre EGFRfl/fl mice, significantly delaying wound closure. Atherosclerosis accelerated in Cdh5Cre EGFRfl/fl mice, leading to larger and more inflamed atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta. Conclusions—In diabetes, bone marrow endothelial cells participate in the dysregulation of bone marrow hematopoiesis and promote cardiovascular complications via leukocyte overproduction. Specifically, diabetes reduces endothelial production of Cxcl12, a quiescence-promoting niche factor that reduces stem cell proliferation. We also describe a previously unknown counter-regulatory pathway, in which protective endothelial EGFR signaling curbs HSPC proliferation and myeloid cell production via angiopoietin-1.