Male fertility in plants requires active DNA demethylation of genes that control pollen tube funcion
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
PROVIDER: GSE141154 | GEO | 2020/11/05
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:We used Affymetrix Arabidopsis ATH1 GeneChip to profile RNAs active in wild type columbia (glabrous) and CaMV::DME pollen and stamens. Experiment Overall Design: DME is not active in wild type pollen and stamen. DME was induced in pollen and stamen by a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (CaMV). RNA profiles from wild type and CaMV::DME pollen and stamens were compared using Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChip.
2008-06-16 | E-GEOD-9408 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Proteomic analyses of pollen coat from Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata and Brassica oleracea. Doughty 2022.
2022-12-07 | MSV000090853 | MassIVE
Project description:Cytosine DNA methylation is considered to be a stable epigenetic mark, but active demethylation has been observed in both plants and animals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, DNA glycosylases of the DEMETER (DME) family remove methylcytosines from DNA. Demethylation by DME is necessary for genomic imprinting and demethylation by a related protein, REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1, which prevents gene silencing in a transgenic background. However, the extent and function of demethylation by DEMETER-LIKE (DML) proteins in WT plants is not known. Using genome-tiling microarrays, we mapped DNA methylation in mutant and WT plants and identified 179 loci actively demethylated by DML enzymes. Mutations in DML genes lead to locus-specific DNA hypermethylation. Reintroducing WT DML genes restores most loci to the normal pattern of methylation, although at some loci, hypermethylated epialleles persist. Of loci demethylated by DML enzymes, >80% are near or overlap genes. Genic demethylation by DML enzymes primarily occurs at the 5' and 3' ends, a pattern opposite to the overall distribution of WT DNA methylation. Our results show that demethylation by DML DNA glycosylases edits the patterns of DNA methylation within the Arabidopsis genome to protect genes from potentially deleterious methylation. Keywords: whole genome profiling, DNA methylation, demethylase
2007-04-02 | GSE7336 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that plays important roles in gene regulation and transposon silencing. Active DNA demethylation has evolved to counterbalance DNA methylation at many endogenous loci. Here, we report that active DNA demethylation also targets viral DNAs, tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) and its satellite tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB), to promote their virulence. We demonstrate that the βC1 protein, encoded by TYLCCNB, interacts with a ROS1-like DNA glycosylase in Nicotiana benthamiana and with the DEMETER (DME) DNA glycosylase in Arabidopsis thaliana. The interaction between βC1 and DME facilitates the DNA glycosylase activity to decrease viral DNA methylation and promote viral virulence. These findings reveal that active DNA demethylation can be regulated by a viral protein to subvert DNA methylation-mediated defense.
2021-12-20 | GSE188968 | GEO
Project description:The Arabidopsis thaliana central cell, the companion cell of the egg, undergoes DNA demethylation prior to fertilization, but the targeting preferences and biological significance of this process remain unclear. Here, we show that active DNA demethylation mediated by the DEMETER DNA glycosylase accounts for all of the demethylation in the central cell, and preferentially targets small, AT-rich and nucleosome-depleted transposable elements. The vegetative cell, the companion cell of sperm, also undergoes DEMETER-dependent demethylation of similar sequences, and lack of DEMETER in vegetative cells causes reduced small RNA-directed DNA methylation of transposons in sperm. Our results demonstrate that demethylation in companion cells reinforces transposon methylation in plant gametes, thereby assuring stable silencing of transposable elements across generations Examination of DNA methylation in Arabidopsis endosperm, embryo, and pollen
2012-09-21 | E-GEOD-38935 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The DEMETER (DME) DNA glycosylase mediates genome-wide DNA demethylation and is required for endosperm genomic imprinting and embryo viability. Targets of DME-demethylation are small, AT-rich transposons and boundaries of large heterochromatic transposons, but how DME interacts with chromatin is unclear. To investigate the interaction between DME and chromatin, we analyzed DNA methylation in Arabidopsis seeds and pollen deficient in the chromatin remodeler FAcilitates Chromatin Transactions (FACT) complex. We find that FACT co-localizes with nuclear DME, and is required for DME activity in chromatin domains with high nucleosome occupancy and histone modifications associated with heterochromatin, which comprise over half of DME target loci. We also demonstrate that heterochromatin-associated linker histone H1 mediates the requirement for FACT at a subset of DME-target loci. However, FACT is not required for DME demethylation of targets in euchromatic regions. Thus, chromatin structure determines the degree to which FACT facilitates access of DME to its targets.
2018-04-17 | GSE105000 | GEO
Project description:Little is known of the transcriptome of in vivo-grown pollen tubes, due to the difficulty of collection of pollen tubes elongating within the maternal gynoecium.We obtained the mRNAs undergoing translation (the translatome) of in vivo-grown pollen tubes from self-pollinated gynoecia of Arabidopsis thaliana(Col-0).
2014-02-01 | GSE43299 | GEO
Project description:In Arabidopsis thaliana, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) is required for the formation of transposable element (TE)-derived small RNA (sRNA) transcripts. These transcripts are processed by DICER-LIKE3 into 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide RNA-directed DNA methylation. In the pollen grain, Pol IV is also required for the accumulation of 21/22-nt epigenetically activated siRNAs (easiRNAs), which likely silence TEs via post-transcriptional mechanisms. Despite this proposed role of Pol IV, its loss of function in Arabidopsis does not cause a discernable pollen defect. Here, we show that the knockout of NRPD1, encoding the largest subunit of Pol IV in the Brassicaceae species Capsella rubella, caused post-meiotic arrest of pollen development at the microspore stage. As in Arabidopsis, all TE-derived siRNAs were 2 depleted in Capsella nrpd1 microspores. In the wild-type background, the same TEs produced 21/22-nt and 24-nt siRNAs; these processes required Pol IV activity. Arrest of Capsella nrpd1 microspores was accompanied by the deregulation of genes targeted by Pol IV-dependent siRNAs. TEs were much closer to genes in Capsella rubella compared to Arabidopsis thaliana, perhaps explaining the essential role of Pol IV in pollen development in Capsella. Our discovery that Pol IV is functionally required in Capsella microspores emphasizes the relevance of investigating different plant models.
2020-01-23 | GSE136847 | GEO
Project description:Pollen germination, along with pollen tube growth, is an essential process for the reproduction of flowering plants. The germinating pollen with tip-growth characteristics provides an ideal model system for the study of cell growth and morphogenesis. As an essential step towards a detailed understanding of this important process, the objective of this study was to comprehensively analyze the transcriptome changes during pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Using Affymetrix Arabidopsis ATH1 Genome Arrays, this study is the first to show the changes in the transcriptome from desiccated mature pollen grains to hydrated pollen grains and then to pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana. The number of expressed genes, either for total expressed genes or for specifically expressed genes, increased significantly from desiccated mature pollen to hydrated pollen and again to growing pollen tubes, which is consistent with the finding that pollen germination and tube growth was significantly inhibited in vitro by a transcriptional inhibitor. The results of GO analyses showed that expression of genes related to cell rescue, transcription, signal transduction and cellular transport were significantly changed, especially for up-regulation, during pollen germination and tube growth, respectively. In particular, genes of the CaM/CML, CHX and Hsp families showed the most significant changes during pollen germination and tube growth. These results demonstrate that the overall transcription of genes, both in the number of expressed genes and in the levels of transcription, was increased. Furthermore, the appearance of many novel transcripts during pollen germination as well as tube growth indicates that these newly expressed genes may function in this complex process. SUBMITTER_CITATION: Yi Wang, Wen-Zheng Zhang, Lian-Fen Song, Jun-Jie Zou, Zhen Su, and Wei-Hua Wu. Transcriptome analyses show changes in gene expression to accompany pollen germination and tube growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. September 5, 2008; 10.1104/pp.108.126375 Experiment Overall Design: Three samples are analyzed in this experiment. They are desiccated mature pollen grains (MP), hydrated pollen grains (HP) and growing pollen tubes (PT) of Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. Each sample has two biological replicates, so that there are 6 data sets of ATH1 array in this experiment.
2008-10-25 | E-GEOD-6696 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In sexual reproduction, a proper communication and cooperation between male and female organs and tissue are essential for male and female gametes to unite. In flowering plants, female sporophytic tissues and gametophyte direct a male pollen tube towards an egg apparatus, which consists of an egg cell and two synergid cells. The cell-cell communication between the pollen tube and the egg apparatus, such as the reception of a signal from the egg apparatus at the pollen tube, makes the tip of pollen tube rapture to release the sperm cell. To isolate male factors involved in the interaction between a pollen tube and an egg apparatus, we focused on receptor-like kinases (RLKs), which are extensively diversified in the flowering plant lineage to comprise a large monophyletic gene family. Approximately 620 members were found in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Expression patterns of 558 RLKs were analyzed using an Affymetrix ATH1 microarray of A. thaliana. We focused on two RLKs, ANXUR1 (ANX1) and ANXUR2 (ANX2), and characterized their function. Here we report that pollen tubes of anx1/anx2 ruptured before arriving at the egg apparatus, suggesting that ANX1 and ANX2 are male factors controlling pollen tube behavior with directing rupture at proper timing. Furthermore, ANX1 and ANX2 were the most closely related paralogs to a female factor FERONIA/SIRENE controlling pollen tube behavior expressed in synergid cells. Our finding shows that the coordinated behaviors of female and male reproductive apparatuses are regulated by the sister genes, whose duplication might play a role in the evolution of fertilization system in flowering plants.
2009-08-01 | GSE12316 | GEO