Similar Datasets
Project description:Microexons represent the most highly conserved class of alternative splicing, yet their functions are poorly understood. Here, we focus on closely related neuronal microexons overlapping prion-like domains in the translation initiation factors, eIF4G1 and eIF4G3, the splicing of which is activity-dependent and frequently disrupted in autism. CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of these microexons selectively up-regulates synaptic proteins that control neuronal activity and plasticity and further triggers a gene expression program mirroring that of activated neurons. Mice lacking the Eif4g1 microexon display social behavior, learning and memory deficits, as well as alterations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The eIF4G microexons appear to reduce synaptic protein synthesis by causing ribosome stalling, through a mechanism whereby they promote the coalescence of cytoplasmic granule components associated with translation repression, including the Fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP. The results thus reveal an autism-disrupted mechanism by which alternative splicing specializes translation to control higher-order cognitive functioning.
2020-01-30 | GSE141599 | GEO
Project description:Microexons represent the most highly conserved class of alternative splicing, yet their functions are poorly understood. Here, we focus on closely related neuronal microexons overlapping prion-like domains in the translation initiation factors, eIF4G1 and eIF4G3, the splicing of which is activity-dependent and frequently disrupted in autism. CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of these microexons selectively up-regulates synaptic proteins that control neuronal activity and plasticity and further triggers a gene expression program mirroring that of activated neurons. Mice lacking the Eif4g1 microexon display social behavior, learning and memory deficits, as well as alterations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The eIF4G microexons appear to reduce synaptic protein synthesis by causing ribosome stalling, through a mechanism whereby they promote the coalescence of cytoplasmic granule components associated with translation repression, including the Fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP. The results thus reveal an autism-disrupted mechanism by which alternative splicing specializes translation to control higher-order cognitive functioning.
2020-01-30 | GSE141594 | GEO
Project description:Autism-misregulated eIF4G microexons control synaptic translation and higher-order cognitive functions
| PRJNA594016 | ENA
Project description:Autism-misregulated eIF4G microexons control synaptic translation and higher-order cognitive functions [iCLIP-seq]
| PRJNA594023 | ENA
Project description:Autism-misregulated eIF4G microexons control synaptic translation and higher-order cognitive functions [Ribo-Seq]
| PRJNA594022 | ENA
Project description:Alternative splicing (AS) generates vast transcriptomic and proteomic complexity. However, which of the myriad of detected AS events provide important biological functions is not well understood. Here, we define the largest program of functionally coordinated, neural-regulated AS described to date in mammals. Relative to all other types of AS within this program, 3-15 nucleotide "microexons" display the most striking evolutionary conservation and switch-like regulation. These microexons modulate the function of interaction domains of proteins involved in neurogenesis. Most neural microexons are regulated by the neuronal-specific splicing factor nSR100/SRRM4, through its binding to adjacent intronic enhancer motifs. Neural microexons are frequently misregulated in the brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, and this misregulation is associated with reduced levels of nSR100. The results thus reveal a highly conserved program of dynamic microexon regulation associated with the remodeling of protein-interaction networks during neurogenesis, the misregulation of which is linked to autism.
| S-EPMC4390143 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sleep inertia, sleep homeostatic and circadian processes modulate cognition, including reaction time, memory, mood and alertness. How these processes influence higher-order cognitive functions is not well known. Six participants completed a 73-day-long study that included two 14-day-long 28-h forced desynchrony protocols to examine separate and interacting influences of sleep inertia, sleep homeostasis and circadian phase on higher-order cognitive functions of inhibitory control and selective visual attention. Cognitive performance for most measures was impaired immediately after scheduled awakening and improved during the first ~2-4 h of wakefulness (decreasing sleep inertia); worsened thereafter until scheduled bedtime (increasing sleep homeostasis); and was worst at ~60° and best at ~240° (circadian modulation, with worst and best phases corresponding to ~09:00 and ~21:00 hours, respectively, in individuals with a habitual wake time of 07:00 hours). The relative influences of sleep inertia, sleep homeostasis and circadian phase depended on the specific higher-order cognitive function task examined. Inhibitory control appeared to be modulated most strongly by circadian phase, whereas selective visual attention for a spatial-configuration search task was modulated most strongly by sleep inertia. These findings demonstrate that some higher-order cognitive processes are differentially sensitive to different sleep-wake regulatory processes. Differential modulation of cognitive functions by different sleep-wake regulatory processes has important implications for understanding mechanisms contributing to performance impairments during adverse circadian phases, sleep deprivation and/or upon awakening from sleep.
| S-EPMC5124508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2018-10-12 | GSE112601 | GEO
Project description:Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are an early onset, heterogeneous group of heritable neuropsychiatric disorders with symptoms that include deficits in social interaction skills, impaired communication abilities, and ritualistic-like repetitive behaviours. One of the hypotheses for a common molecular mechanism underlying ASDs is altered translational control resulting in exaggerated protein synthesis. Genetic variants in chromosome 4q, which contains the EIF4E locus, have been described in patients with autism. Importantly, a rare single nucleotide polymorphism has been identified in autism that is associated with increased promoter activity in the EIF4E gene. Here we show that genetically increasing the levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in mice results in exaggerated cap-dependent translation and aberrant behaviours reminiscent of autism, including repetitive and perseverative behaviours and social interaction deficits. Moreover, these autistic-like behaviours are accompanied by synaptic pathophysiology in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The autistic-like behaviours displayed by the eIF4E-transgenic mice are corrected by intracerebroventricular infusions of the cap-dependent translation inhibitor 4EGI-1. Our findings demonstrate a causal relationship between exaggerated cap-dependent translation, synaptic dysfunction and aberrant behaviours associated with autism.
| S-EPMC3548017 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been identified as a precipitating risk factor for higher-order cognitive deficits associated with the frontal and prefrontal cortices (PFC). In addition, mild repetitive TBI (rTBI), in particular, is being steadily recognized to increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease. Thus, further understanding of how mild rTBI changes the pathophysiology of the brain to lead to cognitive impairment is warranted. The current models of rTBI lack knowledge regarding chronic higher-order cognitive functions and the underlying neuronal physiology, especially functions involving the PFC. Here, we establish that five repeated mild hits, allowing rotational acceleration of the head, lead to chronic deficits in PFC-dependent functions such as social behavior, spatial working memory, and environmental response with concomitant microgliosis and a small decrease in the adaptation rate of layer V pyramidal neurons in the medial PFC (mPFC). However, structural damage is not seen on in vivo T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and extensive intrinsic excitability changes in layer V pyramidal neurons of the mPFC are not observed. Thus, this rTBI animal model can recapitulate chronic higher-order cognitive impairments without structural damage on MR imaging as observed in humans.
| S-EPMC6196749 | biostudies-literature