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Transcriptome modifications in the porcine intramuscular adipocytes during differentiation and exogenous stimulation with TNF-alpha and serotonin

ABSTRACT: Adipocytes are dynamic cells that have critical functions to maintain body energy homeostasis. Function of adipocyte is affected by adipogenic differentiation, and exogenous stimulation of biochemical factors such as serotonin and TNF-. Serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine, which known to be involved in lipid metabolism in adipocytes. The TNF- is a proinflammatory cytokines involved in adipocyte biology. Here we investigated the global transcriptome alterations of porcine intramuscular adipocytes at undifferentiated preadipocyte, differentiated adipocytes state, and adipocytes after stimulation with serotonin and TNF- for 12 h by using Agilent’s Porcine (V2) one-color Gene Expression Microarray 4 × 44. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of 443, 261, and 249 genes were altered after differentiation, and after serotonin and TNF- stimulation, respectively. Differentiation process of adipocytes are found to be involved with expression changes of APP, HNF4A, ESR1, EGR1, SRC, HNF1A, FN1, ALB, STAT3, CBL, CEBPB, AR, FOS, CFTR, PAN2, PTPN6, VDR, PPARG, STAT5A and NCOA3 genes which are enriched in the ‘PPAR signaling pathway’ and ‘insulin resistance pathway’. Dose-dependent serotonin stimulation resulted in a decreased fat accumulation in the adipocytes as well as decreased adipocyte proliferation. Serotonin-induced differentially expressed genes in adipocytes were participated in the significant enrichment of GPCR ligand-binding, Cell chemotaxis, blood coagulation and complement pathways, metabolism of lipid and lipoproteins, regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARA; and lipid digestion, mobilization and transport pathways. TNF-α-induced transcriptional modification follows the similar trend, and alteration of many genes shared between both serotonin- and TNF-α stimulations. Our results provide new insights of transcriptome modifications associated with adipogenesis, and exogenous stimulation of serotonin- and TNF- to the porcine intramuscular adipocytes.

ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE141695 | GEO | 2020/02/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Adipocytes are functionally the most important cell type in adipose tissue, which play a key role in systemic metabolism and inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important innate immune receptors involve in the early recognition of infection flowed by inflammatory responses. We recently reported that nine members of TLR (1-9) are expressed in the porcine adipocyte. To further development of our in vitro adipocyte model for evaluating potential immunobiotics, herein we characterized the global transcriptome alterations in porcine mature adipocytes (PMA) following stimulation with Pam3csk4, Poly(I:C) and LPS for 12 h, as a specific ligand for TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4, respectively. Analysis of microarray data revealed that 530 (218 up, 312 down), 520 (245 up, 275 down) and 525 (239 up, 286 down) genes were differentially expressed in PMA following stimulation with Pam3csk4, poly (I:C) and LPS stimulation, respectively. Gene ontology classification revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in several biological process including immune response, inflammatory responses, cytokine-mediated signaling, chemokine-mediated signaling. The accurately annotated genes were organized into two: immune response related genes (cytokine, chemokine, complement factors, adhesion molecules and signal transduction), and genes involved with metabolic and endocrine function (hormones and receptors, growth factors and lipogenic). We inferred protein interaction networks from common DEGs and found that EGR1, NOTCH, NOS2, TNFAIP3, TRAF3IP1, INSR, CXCR4, PPARA, MAPK10 and C3 are the major hub genes of TLR induced transcriptional network of porcine adipocyte. Potential hubs of protein interaction network also exhibited higher centrality estimates in the Gene-Transcription factor interaction network. Expressions of the important genes were also measured by qRT-PCR, confirming the microarray results. Our results provide new insights of transcriptome modifications of adipocytes association with immune response, metabolic and endocrine function.

Project description:CPT1B, as the major rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation, involved in the regulation of adipose tissue lipid deposition, but its role in the regulation of goat intramuscular fat (IMF) remains unclear. Here, we conducted knockdown experiments targeting the CPT1B gene in goat intramuscular preadipocytes, resulting in a significant increase in intracellular triglyceride (TAG) content and lipid droplet accumulation. Conversely, the overexpression of CPT1B led to a significant decrease in intracellular TAG content and lipid droplet accumulation. Mechanistically, through RNA-seq analysis of CPT1B knockdown samples, we identified 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 71 up-regulated and 214 down-regulated genes. Notably, these DEGs were significantly enriched in various KEGG signaling pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism, focal adhesion, FoxO signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, and MAPK signaling pathways. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) further confirmed the upregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway upon CPT1B knockdown in adipocytes. In rescue experiments, we demonstrated that the addition of a p38MAPK inhibitor (PD169316) to CPT1B-knockdown adipocytes counteracted the increase in lipid deposition caused by the loss of CPT1B function. These findings suggest that CPT1B inhibits lipid deposition in goat intramuscular preadipocytes via the p38MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, we observed a potential interaction between CPT1B and CPT1A through Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (PPIs). Interestingly, CPT1A exhibited a similar regulatory function to CPT1B, and they both were able to partially restore the changes in lipid deposition induced by each other. This observation supports the hypothesis of synergistic effects between CPT1B and CPT1A. Collectively, our results elucidate the role of CPT1B in the regulation of lipid deposition in goat intramuscular adipocytes through the p38MAPK signaling pathway, providing valuable insights for enhancing the quality of goat intramuscular fat.

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Transcriptome modifications in the porcine intramuscular adipocytes during differentiation and exogenous stimulation with TNF-alpha and serotonin

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