Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 drive differentiation and fusion of progenitor cells in human placental trophoblasts
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE141867 | GEO | 2021/08/11
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Cell fusion occurs when several cells combine to form a multinuclear aggregate (syncytium). In human placenta, a syncytialized trophoblast (syncytiotrophoblast) layer forms the primary interface between maternal and fetal tissue, facilitates nutrient and gas exchange, and produces hormones vital for pregnancy. Syncytiotrophoblast development occurs by differentiation of underlying progenitor cells called cytotrophoblasts, which then fuse into the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Differentiation is associated with chromatin remodeling and specific changes in gene expression mediated, at least in part, by histone acetylation. However, the epigenetic regulation of human cytotrophoblast differentiation and fusion is poorly understood. In this study, we found that human syncytiotrophoblast development was associated with deacetylation of multiple core histone residues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed chromosomal regions that exhibit dynamic alterations in histone H3 acetylation during differentiation. These include regions containing genes classically associated with cytotrophoblast differentiation (TEAD4, TP63, OVOL1, CGB), as well as near genes with novel regulatory roles in trophoblast development and function, such as LHX4 and SYDE1. Prevention of histone deacetylation using both pharmacological and genetic approaches inhibited trophoblast fusion, supporting a critical role of this process for trophoblast differentiation. Finally, we identified the histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1 and HDAC2 as the critical mediators driving cytotrophoblast differentiation. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying trophoblast fusion during human placental development.
| S-EPMC7198514 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 drive differentiation and fusion of progenitor cells in human placental trophoblasts
| PRJNA594985 | ENA
Project description:Cytotrophoblasts fuse to form and renew syncytiotrophoblasts necessary to maintain placental health throughout gestation. During cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast differentiation, cells undergo regulated metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming. Mitochondria play a critical role in differentiation events in cellular systems, thus we hypothesized that mitochondrial metabolism played a central role in trophoblast differentiation. In this work, we employed static and stable isotope tracing untargeted metabolomics methods together with gene expression and histone acetylation studies in an established cell culture model of trophoblast differentiation. Trophoblast differentiation was associated with increased abundance of the TCA cycle intermediates citrate and α-ketoglutarate. Citrate was preferentially exported from mitochondria in the undifferentiated state but was retained to a larger extent within mitochondria upon differentiation. Correspondingly, differentiation was associated with decreased expression of the mitochondrial citrate transporter (CIC). CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of the mitochondrial citrate carrier showed that CIC is required for biochemical differentiation of trophoblast. Loss of CIC resulted in broad alterations in gene expression and histone acetylation. These gene expression changes were partially rescued through acetate supplementation. Taken together, these results highlight a central role for mitochondrial citrate metabolism in the orchestration of histone acetylation and gene expression during trophoblast differentiation.
2023-05-05 | GSE223514 | GEO
Project description:A functional placental barrier is crucial for the supply of the embryo or foetus throughout pregnancy. It is formed by the syncytiotrophoblast, which develops via fusion of cytotrophoblast cells. How this “differentiation-by-fusion” is regulated is only partially understood. Here we analysed transcriptome changes during in vitro cytotrophoblast fusion. Pathway analyses yielded the tumor suppressor p53 as upstream negative regulator and indicated an upregulation of autophagy-related genes. We further showed that, during differentiation, p53 is downregulated on the mRNA and protein levels, while the autophagy marker LC3B-II (lipidated LC3B) is increased. In first-trimester placentae, we find reciprocal expression patterns of p53 and LC3B, with p53 expression primarily in cytotrophoblasts and predominant LC3B expression in the apical side of the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Furthermore, in the syncytiotrophoblast, we could show increased autophagic flux, which is alleviated by ectopically overexpression of p53. This was also shown in placental explants treated with a pharmacological p53 activator. On the contrary, in a fusion-deficient trophoblast cell line we could not see an interdependency of p53 and LC3B lipidation. In summary our data suggests, that the downregulation of p53 during syncytialization is a prerequisite for the activation of autophagy in the placental barrier.
2017-10-10 | GSE98523 | GEO
Project description:During placentation, placental cytotrophoblast cells differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast cells and extravillous trophoblast cells. In placenta, the expression of various genes is regulated by the Hippo pathway through the transcriptional coactivator YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity. To examine the effect of YAP/TAZ and/or TEAD on trophoblast differentiation, knockdown experiments were performed. Microarray analysis were performed to identify YAP/TAZ and/or TEAD target genes in human trophoblast.
2022-07-17 | GSE182900 | GEO
Project description:Human cytotrophoblast organoid cultures were established from the villous trophoblast of first trimester placentas. We analyzed the global expression profile of the cytotrophoblast organoids (CTB-ORG) and compared to the profile of the tissue of origin i.e. villous cytotrophoblast (vCTB) as well as to differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and placental fibroblasts (FIB).
2018-08-02 | GSE109976 | GEO
Project description:Physiologically, trophoblast progenitor cells differentiate into placental villous cytotrophoblast cells (CTBs). CTBs either differentiate into invasive lineage to yields extravillous cytotrophoblast cells (EVTs), or undergo cell fusion lineage to yields syncytiotrophoblast cells (STBs)，Sonic hedgehog (Shh) together with indian hedgehog (Ihh) and desert hedgehog (Dhh) consist of ligand of hedgehog signaling pathway, which plays pivotal roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell differentiation, organogenesis and development, even involving in tumorigenesis and progression. previous study had summarized and indicatedthat hedgehog proteins played important roles in regulating hematopoiesis, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during embryogenesis and development. Herein, we investigate the effect of the Sonic Hedgehog morphogen inhibitor Cyclopamine on JAR cells
2019-12-31 | GSE130367 | GEO
Project description:The aim of this work was to compare the syncytiotrophoblast differentiation capacity of placental stem cells (PSCs) to the BeWo b30 trophoblast cell line. Syncytiotrophoblast markers were analyzed, as well as drug, hormone and nutrient transporters.
2023-10-24 | GSE245763 | GEO
Project description:Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that protects the organism from tumorigenesis and regulates tissue integrity upon damage. Recently, several studies have shown that senescence plays a role in embryonic and placental development. Molecular markers of senescence are expressed in human syncytiotrophoblast, but the molecular mechanisms that govern senescence in these cells are not yet understood. To unravel the molecular mechanisms that mediate the impact of senescence on the placenta, we studied human syncytiotrophoblast in culture. We isolated cytotrophoblast cells from human term placentas. In culture, cytotrophoblast cells spontaneously differentiate into syncytium, creating the large multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast structure that can be monitored and studied for its molecular and cellular characteristics (Kliman et al., 1986; Li and Schust, 2015). We performed mRNA profiling on two human term placenta trophoblast cultures, at 1.5, 2, 3 and 5 days after seeding.
2018-10-01 | GSE118351 | GEO
Project description:The syncytiotrophoblast develops as a result of the fusion of placental villous cytotrophoblast cells. These multinuclear cells are essential for fetal-maternal exchange and production of pregnancy-related hormones. Placental deficiency is considered a major risk factor associated with intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. Better understanding of placental patho-physiology requires knowledge on gene expression regulation involved in trophoblast differentiation. Using the well-established in vitro trophoblast differentiation model, we have performed a microarray analysis on mRNA expression in trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cell cultures. Dramatic changes in gene expression patterns were detected during trophoblast differentiation. As many as 3524 novel and known genes are found to be up- or down regulated for more than 2-fold. Real-time PCR analysis of a group of genes confirmed the reliability of the microarray data. Overall, this study provided a global view on the molecular events underlying trophoblast differentiation. Subsequent characterization on regulation and function of the identified genes may lead to discovery of new pathways important for placental differentiation and function. Keywords: Trophoblast culture cells
2006-05-10 | GSE4100 | GEO