Vascular smooth muscle cell senescence instigates thoracic aortic aneurysm
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE143921 | GEO | 2023/12/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Current understanding on the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) in Marfan Syndrome (MFS) mainly focuses on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) pathologies. Whether immune cell-mediated inflammation drives the progression of TAAs is still elusive. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, a subset of macrophages highly expressing CX3CR1 and mainly locating in the aortic intima was identified in aortic root and ascending aortas from Fbn1C1041G/+ mice, and further validated in MFS patients. Specific elimination of CX3CR1+ macrophages by diphtheria toxin in Cx3cr1-CreERT2iDTRF/+Fbn1C1041G/+ mice efficiently ameliorated TAA progression, suggesting their pathogenic action. Using monoclonal antibodies Adalimumab and Teprotumumab to respectively neutralize the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and IGF1 produced by CX3CR1+ macrophages from MFS patients substantially suppressed CX3CR1+ macrophage-mediated inflammation in MFS patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived VSMCs. Furthermore, bone marrow transplantation and parabiosis using Cx3cr1GFP/+ mice revealed the intimal CX3CR1+ macrophages derived from circulating monocytes. Administration of CCR2 antagonist RS504393 to inhibit monocyte infiltration significantly reduced intimal CX3CR1+ macrophages and subsequently alleviated TAA development in Fbn1C1041G/+ mice. In conclusion, intimal CX3CR1+ macrophages mediated TAA formation through paracrinally causing VSMC inflammation. Targeting intimal CX3CR1+ macrophages would be a promising anti-inflammatory strategy in TAA therapy for MFS.
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Project description:Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiovascular disease in general population and is frequently associated with the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). There is no effective strategy to intervene with TAA progression due to an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis. In this study, protein analyses of human aortic tissues showed the insufficient expression of NOTCH1 and impaired mitochondrial dynamics in BAV-TAA. To verify it, we constructed aorta-on-a-chip to replicate the rhythmic tensile on human aorta, on which human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) endured a microenvironment of biomimetic strain unattainable in animal models. HAoSMCs with NOTCH1-knockdown exhibited reduced contractile phenotype and were accompanied by attenuated mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, we identified that mitochondrial fusion activators (leflunomide and teriflunomide) or mitochondrial fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1) rescued the mitochondrial dysfunction in HAoSMCs from BAV-TAA patients. These findings suggest that impaired mitochondrial dynamics could be a potential therapeutic target for BAV-TAA.
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Project description:We analyzed differentially expressed genes in smooth muscle cells derived from the thoracic aorta of Marfan Syndrome (MFS) patients and control subjects to identify cell biological mechanisms contributing to thoracic aoritc aneurysm (TAA) development and rupture. These mechanisms were used to identify a potential drug treatment to mitigate TAA progression. We analyzed differentially expressed genes in whole aorta of P16 MFS mice vs WT mice to identify cell biological mechanisms contributing to thoracic aoritc aneurysm (TAA) development and rupture. These mechanisms were used to identify baclofen as a potential drug treatment to mitigate TAA progression. The effect of baclofen on gene expression in WT and MFS was documented in P60 mice that received treatment since P16.
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Project description:Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) is characterized by the dilation and degradation of the aorta and is fatal if not diagnosed and treated appropriately. There are no specific clinical symptoms, so better knowledge of the physiopathology of TAAs and their underlying genetic mechanisms is needed to improve diagnosis and therapy. MiRNAs regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and are known to be involved in cerebrovascular disease. The current study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with TAAs and determine whether their predicted target genes could be associated with this condition. Nanostring assays identified miRNAs in plasma and tissue samples from four TAA patients. RT-PCR validated the expression levels of these miRNAs in a further 22 plasma samples. Three, hsa-miR140-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p and hsa-miR-214-3p showed significant expression level differences between plasma samples collected pre- and post-surgically from each patient. Analyses of the predicted target gene controlled by these miRNAs revealed nine genes whose expression was investigated in the same 22 plasma samples. The gene expression levels were inversely correlated with the expression of their respective miRNAs. From these, CCND2, CRKL, HEY1, MTMR4, NFIA and PPP1CB, showed fold-change differences >1.5 between the two plasma samples. An in-depth literature search and Cytoscape software three genes; MTMR4, NFIA and PPP1CB, showed a possible association with the TGF-β signalling pathway. It is suggested that the three miRNAs detected together with their target genes could play a role in the TGF-β signalling pathway and thus be involved in TAA pathogenesis.
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Project description:To improve our limited understanding of the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) leading to acute aortic dissection, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile disease-relevant transcriptomic changes of aortic cell populations in a well-characterized mouse model of the most commonly diagnosed form of Marfan syndrome (MFS). As result,MFSmod were identified only in the aorta of Fbn1mgR/mgR mice. In situ hybridizations of diagnostic transcripts located MFSmod cells to the intima of Fbn1mgR/mgR aortas. Consistent with angiotensin II type I receptor (At1r) contribution to TAA development, MFSmod cells were absent in the aorta of Fbn1mgR/mgR mice treated with the At1r antagonist losartan. Altogether, our findings indicate that a discrete dynamic alteration of aortic cell identity is associated with dissecting TAA in MFS mice and increased risk of aortic dissection in MFS patients.
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Project description:We report dynamic temporal and spatial smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation using aortic single cell RNA sequencing in a murine model of Marfan syndrome (Fbn1C1041G/+) and littermate controls. Aortic root/ascending aortic tissue samples from both genotypes were studied at 4 and 24 weeks of age. The non-aneurysmal descending thoracic aorta was also studied at 24 weeks. Finally human aortic tissue from a Marfan syndrome patient undergoing aneurysm repair surgery was studied.
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