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Establishment of a human tongue cancer organoid biobank enables early diagnosis, prognosis, and identification of therapeutic targets

ABSTRACT: Tongue cancer (TC) is the most frequent and a serious type of oral cancer with major clinical challenges such as lymph node metastasis and the appearance of chemotherapy resistant cells. Thus, development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to target these malignant cancer cells is urgently required. Here, we describe a novel and highly efficient method to generate human TC organoids, thereby creating a TC organoid biobank with primary and metastatic TC from 28 patients with diverse ages and cancer stages. These organoid lines can be expanded, passed, stored frozen for long periods, and they can reproduce original TC tissues in vitro and in xenograft models. The organoids showed different properties among patients with respect to the proliferation capacity and susceptibility to cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in TC therapy. This suggests that TC organoids are useful for accurate risk grading and predicting the prognosis at early stages of TC, which is difficult to diagnose clinically. Thus, human TC organoids are useful for profiling TCs, which will lead to drug development against metastatic and chemotherapy-resistant TCs.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE145057 | GEO | 2024/09/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In Rspondin-based three-dimensional cultures, Lgr5 stem cells from multiple organs form ever-expanding epithelial organoids that retain their tissue identity. Here we report the establishment of tumor organoid cultures from 20 consecutive colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients. For most, organoids were also generated from adjacent normal tissue. Organoids closely resemble the original tumor. The spectrum of genetic changes within the 'living biobank' agrees well with previous large-scale mutational analyses of CRC. Gene expression analysis indicates that the major CRC molecular subtypes are represented. Tumor organoids are amenable to high-throughput drug screens allowing detection of gene-drug associations. As an example, a single organoid culture was exquisitely sensitive to Wnt secretion (porcupine) inhibitors and carried a mutation in the negative Wnt feedback regulator RNF43, rather than in APC. Organoid technology may fill the gap between cancer genetics and patient trials, complement cell line- and xenograft-based drug studies and allow personalized therapy design. Self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium is driven by Lgr5 stem cells located in crypts. We have recently developed a long-term culture system that maintains basic crypt physiology. Wnt signals are required for the maintenance of active crypt stem cells. Indeed, the Wnt agonist R-spondin1 induces dramatic crypt hyperplasia in vivo. R-spondin-1 is the ligand for Lgr5. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling is associated with intestinal proliferation, while transgenic expression of Noggin induces a dramatic increase in crypt numbers. The combination of R-spondin-1, EGF, and Noggin in Matrigel sustains ever-expanding small intestinal organoids, which display all hallmarks of the original tissue in terms of architecture, cell type composition, and self-renewal dynamics. We adapted the culture condition for long-term expansion of human colonic epithelium and primary colonic adenocarcinoma, by adding nicotinamide, A83-01 (Alk inhibitor), Prostaglandin E2 and the p38 inhibitor SB202190. Of note, a two-dimensional culture method for cells from normal and malignant primary tissue has been described by Schlegel and colleagues. Here, we explore organoid technology to routinely establish and phenotypically annotate ‘paired organoids’ derived from adjacent tumor and healthy epithelium from CRC patients.

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Establishment of a human tongue cancer organoid biobank enables early diagnosis, prognosis, and identification of therapeutic targets

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