ABSTRACT: Identifying changes in fat tissue gene expression in mice treated with or without mmp12 inhibitor. "Microbiota and adipocyte mitochondrial damage in type 2 diabetes are linked by Mmp12+ macrophages"
Project description:Identifying changes in gene expression in 3T3L1 cell line treated with or without insulin. "Microbiota and adipocyte mitochondrial damage in type 2 diabetes are linked by Mmp12+ macrophages"
Project description:RNA seq from the liver, ileum, muscle, fat of SPF or GF mice on ND, WD. "Microbiota and adipocyte mitochondrial damage in type 2 diabetes are linked by Mmp12+ macrophages"
Project description:Microbiota contributes to induction of type 2 diabetes by high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS), but which organs/pathways are impacted by microbiota remains unknown. Using multi-organ network and transkingdom analyses, we found that microbiota-dependent. impairment of OXPHOS /mitochondria in white adipose tissue (WAT) plays a primary role in regulating systemic glucose metabolism. The follow-up analysis established that Mmp12+ macrophages link microbiota-dependent inflammation and OXPHOS damage in WAT. Moreover, the molecular signature of Mmp12+ macrophages in WAT was associated with insulin resistance in obese patients. Next, we tested functional effects of MMP12 and found that Mmp12 genetic deficiency or MMP12 inhibition improved glucose metabolism in conventional, but not in germfree mice. MMP12 treatment induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. TLR2-ligands present in Oscillibacter valericigenes bacteria, which are expanded by HFHS, induce Mmp12 in WAT macrophages in a MYD88-ATF3-dependent manner. Thus, HFHS induces Mmp12+ macrophages and MMP12, representing a microbiota-dependent bridge between inflammation and mitochondrial damage in WAT and causing insulin resistance. doi: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20220017
Project description:Microbiota contributes to induction of type 2 diabetes by high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS), but which organs/pathways are impacted by microbiota remains unknown. Using multi-organ network and transkingdom analyses, we found that microbiota-dependent. impairment of OXPHOS /mitochondria in white adipose tissue (WAT) plays a primary role in regulating systemic glucose metabolism. The follow-up analysis established that Mmp12+ macrophages link microbiota-dependent inflammation and OXPHOS damage in WAT. Moreover, the molecular signature of Mmp12+ macrophages in WAT was associated with insulin resistance in obese patients. Next, we tested functional effects of MMP12 and found that Mmp12 genetic deficiency or MMP12 inhibition improved glucose metabolism in conventional, but not in germfree mice. MMP12 treatment induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. TLR2-ligands present in Oscillibacter valericigenes bacteria, which are expanded by HFHS, induce Mmp12 in WAT macrophages in a MYD88-ATF3-dependent manner. Thus, HFHS induces Mmp12+ macrophages and MMP12, representing a microbiota-dependent bridge between inflammation and mitochondrial damage in WAT and causing insulin resistance. doi: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20220017
Project description:Microbiota contributes to induction of type 2 diabetes by high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS), but which organs/pathways are impacted by microbiota remains unknown. Using multi-organ network and transkingdom analyses, we found that microbiota-dependent. impairment of OXPHOS /mitochondria in white adipose tissue (WAT) plays a primary role in regulating systemic glucose metabolism. The follow-up analysis established that Mmp12+ macrophages link microbiota-dependent inflammation and OXPHOS damage in WAT. Moreover, the molecular signature of Mmp12+ macrophages in WAT was associated with insulin resistance in obese patients. Next, we tested functional effects of MMP12 and found that Mmp12 genetic deficiency or MMP12 inhibition improved glucose metabolism in conventional, but not in germfree mice. MMP12 treatment induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. TLR2-ligands present in Oscillibacter valericigenes bacteria, which are expanded by HFHS, induce Mmp12 in WAT macrophages in a MYD88-ATF3-dependent manner. Thus, HFHS induces Mmp12+ macrophages and MMP12, representing a microbiota-dependent bridge between inflammation and mitochondrial damage in WAT and causing insulin resistance. doi: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20220017
Project description:Paper abstract: Microbiota contribute to the induction of type 2 diabetes by high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet, but which organs/pathways are impacted by microbiota remain unknown. Using multiorgan network and transkingdom analyses, we found that microbiotadependent impairment of OXPHOS/mitochondria in white adipose tissue (WAT) plays a primary role in regulating systemic glucose metabolism. The follow-up analysis established that Mmp12+ macrophages link microbiota-dependent inflammation and OXPHOS damage in WAT. Moreover, the molecular signature of Mmp12+ macrophages in WAT was associated with insulin resistance in obese patients. Next, we tested the functional effects of MMP12 and found that Mmp12 genetic deficiency or MMP12 inhibition improved glucose metabolism in conventional, but not in germ-free mice. MMP12 treatment induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. TLR2-ligands present in Oscillibacter valericigenes bacteria, which are expanded by HFHS, induce Mmp12 in WAT macrophages in a MYD88-ATF3–dependent manner. Thus, HFHS induces Mmp12+ macrophages and MMP12, representing a microbiota-dependent bridge between inflammation and mitochondrial damage in WAT and causing insulin resistance.
Project description:Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) is a macrophage-secreted protein that is massively upregulated as a pro-inflammatory factor in metabolic and vascular tissues of mice and humans suffering from cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, the molecular mechanisms explaining the contributions of MMP12 to CMDs are still unclear.
Project description:UVA1 makes up ~75% terrestrial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is increasingly being used for the treatment for inflammatory skin disorders. It is also the major UVR spectral source in tanning lamps, however we lack human data to understand its effects on gene expression and further consequences. Using erythemally equivalent doses of UVA1 (50J/cm2) and UVB (30mJ/cm2) ~1MED (minimal erythema dose), this study examines time dependent whole genome expression, mRNA and protein changes in 12 skin types I/II individuals. The top upregulated pathway at 6h is inflammation through IL17 signaling for UVA1 (p=1.16e-6) and UVB (p=2.1e-4). At 24h the top upregulated pathway is extracellular matrix remodeling for UVA1 (p=5.5e-7) and UVB (p=2.9e-22). We show key spectral differences with matrix metalloproteinases (MMP): UVB upregulates MMP1 mRNA (p=0.0062), MMP3 mRNA (p=0.0016), MMP10 mRNA (p=0.028) at 24h compared to UVA1, MMP12 mRNA is upregulated by UVA1 at 6h and not by UVB (p=0.02). In a further 3 skin type I/II we show that MMP12 protein is formed by UVA1 (p=0.04) at 24h and that DQM-bM-^DM-" collagen type IV(likely MMP12 activity) hydrolysis occurs by UVA1 (p=0.027) at 10h. DQM-bM-^DM-" collagen type I hydrolysis occurs predominantly by UVB at 24h (p=0.031). Both UVA1 and UVB upregulate MMP1 at 10h and 24h. There is more MMP1 and MMP12 protein and activity in the epidermis than in dermis in all volunteers. We conclude that the biological processes that occur after 24h in human skin in vivo in response to erythemally equivalent doses of UVA1 and UVB are similar however there are key spectral differences: UVB plays a larger role in upregulating key MMPs in the epidermis. MMP12 is a UVA1 specific biomarker found predominantly in the epidermis and maybe useful as a marker of UVA1 exposure. We hypothesise that its formation by UVA1 could be related to the ability of UVA1 to produce significantly more oxidatively generated DNA than UVB (8oxodG). 47 samples were processed. The RNA was isolated from human skin samples of individual donors pre- or post irradiation with UVA or UVB. Skin biopsies were taken either before, 6h post, or 24h post exposure. Different doses of UVA were applied. Each condition was available from five or nine individuals, as indicated in the samples description below.
Project description:Discovery of genetic mechanisms of resistance to obesity and diabetes may illuminate new therapeutic strategies to tackle this escalating global health burden. We used the polygenic Lean mouse model, selected for low adiposity over 60 generations, to identify thiosulfate sulfur transferase (Tst, rhodanese) as a candidate obesity-resistance gene with selectively increased adipocyte expression. Adipose Tst expression correlated with indices of metabolic health across diverse mouse strains. Transgenic overexpression of Tst in adipocytes protected mice from diet-induced obesity and insulin-resistant diabetes. Tst gene deficiency markedly exacerbated diabetes whereas pharmacological TST activation ameliorated diabetes in mice in vivo. TST selectively augmented mitochondrial function combined with degradation of reactive oxygen species and sulfide. In humans, adipose TST mRNA correlated positively with adipose insulin sensitivity and negatively with fat mass. Genetic identification of Tst as a beneficial regulator of adipocyte mitochondrial function may have therapeutic significance for type 2 diabetes.