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Genome-wide shifts in histone modification patterns at early stage of rice infection with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola

ABSTRACT: There is mounting evidence for the role of epigenetic processes in the regulation of plant responses to a wide range of external stimuli. Despite their importance, the significance of epigenetic processes in plant-pathogen interactions remain poorly understood. So far, the role of histone modifications has not been investigated at genome wide level in plant-nematode interactions, although their expression levels are altered in nematode-induced galls. In this study, we first applied chemical inhibitors of histone modifying enzymes on rice plants. Despite theirdistinct effects on histone modifications, application of different concentrations of Niconinamide, sulfamethazine and fumaric acid lead to reduced susceptibility to nematode infection. Similarly, two overexpression lines of histone lysine methyltransferases and one histone deacetylase were analyzed in an infection assay with nematodes, showing contrasting results in susceptibility. These data indicate that histone modifications can affect plant defence against nematodes in rice. To further investigate their effect, the genome-wide level of three histone marks namely H3K9ac, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 was studied by chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing on nematode-induced galls in comparison with control root tips.

ORGANISM(S): Oryza sativa Japonica Group

PROVIDER: GSE145501 | GEO | 2021/02/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Biotrophic plant pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to manipulate their host. They derive all of their nutrients from living plant tissues, by making intimate contact with their host while avoiding a resistance response. Rice is one of the most important crop plants worldwide and an excellent model system for studying monocotyledonous plants. Estimates of annual yield losses due to plant-parasitic nematodes on this crop range from 10 to 25% worldwide. One of the agronomically most important nematodes attacking rice is the rice root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Attack of plant roots by sedentary plant parasitic nematodes, like the root knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) involves the development of specialized feeding cells in the vascular tissue. The second stage juvenile of the RKN punctures selected vascular cells with its stylet, injects pharyngeal secretions, and this ultimately leads to the reorganisation of these cells into typical feeding structures called giant cells (GCs), from which the nematode feeds for the remainder of its sedentary life cycle (Gheysen & Mitchum, 2011). Morphological and physiological reprogramming of the initial feeding cell leads to nucleus enlargement, proliferation of mitochondria and plastids, metabolic activation, cell cycle alterations and cell wall changes (Gheysen and Mitchum, 2011). The hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the surrounding cells leads to the formation of a root gall, which is typically formed at the root tips in the case of the rice RKN M. graminicola. In comparison with other RKN, M. graminicola has a very fast life cycle, with swelling of the root tips observed as early as 1 day after infection (dai). At 3 dai, terminal hook-like galls are clearly visible (Bridge et al., 2005). After 3 moults the nematodes are mature, around 10 dai. The M. graminicola females lay their eggs inside the galls, while most other RKN deposit egg masses at the gall surface, and hatched juveniles can reinfect the same or adjacent roots. In well-drained soil at 22-29 degrees C the life cycle of M. graminicola is completed in 19 days. 2 biological replicates of nematode infected giant cells and control vascular cells were sampled at two time points: 7 and 14 dai

Project description:Biotrophic plant pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to manipulate their host. They derive all of their nutrients from living plant tissues, by making intimate contact with their host while avoiding a resistance response. Rice is one of the most important crop plants worldwide and an excellent model system for studying monocotyledonous plants. Estimates of annual yield losses due to plant-parasitic nematodes on this crop range from 10 to 25% worldwide. One of the agronomically most important nematodes attacking rice is the rice root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Attack of plant roots by sedentary plant parasitic nematodes, like the root knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) involves the development of specialized feeding cells in the vascular tissue. The second stage juvenile of the RKN punctures selected vascular cells with its stylet, injects pharyngeal secretions, and this ultimately leads to the reorganisation of these cells into typical feeding structures called giant cells (GCs), from which the nematode feeds for the remainder of its sedentary life cycle (Gheysen & Mitchum, 2011). Morphological and physiological reprogramming of the initial feeding cell leads to nucleus enlargement, proliferation of mitochondria and plastids, metabolic activation, cell cycle alterations and cell wall changes (Gheysen and Mitchum, 2011). The hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the surrounding cells leads to the formation of a root gall, which is typically formed at the root tips in the case of the rice RKN M. graminicola. In comparison with other RKN, M. graminicola has a very fast life cycle, with swelling of the root tips observed as early as 1 day after infection (dai). At 3 dai, terminal hook-like galls are clearly visible (Bridge et al., 2005). After 3 moults the nematodes are mature, around 10 dai. The M. graminicola females lay their eggs inside the galls, while most other RKN deposit egg masses at the gall surface, and hatched juveniles can reinfect the same or adjacent roots. In well-drained soil at 22-29ºC the life cycle of M. graminicola is completed in 19 days.

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Genome-wide shifts in histone modification patterns at early stage of rice infection with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola

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