ScRNA-seq analysis of aged immune system in mice
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE145562 | GEO | 2020/12/06
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Aging is associated with systemic chronic inflammation (inflammaging) that leads to impaired physiological functions and vulnerability to several diseases. However, underlying alterations in aged immune system resulting in gradual loss of immune fitness remain unclear. Using a combination of CD8 T cell transfer from young to old and from old to young mice and single-cell RNA sequencing, we characterized the age-associated alterations in CD8 T cells. We transferred 2 millions of purified CD8+ T cells pooled from 3 CD45.1 C57BL/6J 3 months old female mice (donor) by i.v. injection into CD45.2 C57BL/6J 24 months old female mouse (recipient) and sorted CD45.1+CD3e+CD8a+ and CD45.2+CD3e+CD8a+ T cells from the spleen 1 month post transfer to perform scRNA/TCR-seq.
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Project description:Low-grade chronic inflammation is considered a hallmark of ageing and associated with impaired tissue function and development of disease. However, how cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors interact to establish this phenotype, termed inflammaging, remains poorly understood. We addressed this question in the mouse intestinal epithelium, using organoid cultures to dissect stem cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic sources of increased inflammatory signaling upon ageing. At the single-cell level, we found that inflammaging establishes differently in cells along the crypt-villus axis, including intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Importantly, the inflammaging phenotype was stably propagated by aged ISCs in organoid cultures and associated with increased chromatin accessibility of inflammation-associated loci in vivo and ex vivo, indicating a cell-intrinsic memory of inflammation. Mechanistically, we show that expression of inflammaging genes is dependent on STAT1 signaling. Together, our data reveal that inflammaging in the intestine is promoted by a cell-intrinsic mechanism, stably propagated by ISCs and associated with a disbalance in immune homeostasis.
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Project description:Low-grade chronic inflammation is considered a hallmark of ageing and associated with impaired tissue function and development of disease. However, how cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors interact to establish this phenotype, termed inflammaging, remains poorly understood. We addressed this question in the mouse intestinal epithelium, using organoid cultures to dissect stem cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic sources of increased inflammatory signaling upon ageing. At the single-cell level, we found that inflammaging establishes differently in cells along the crypt-villus axis, including intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Importantly, the inflammaging phenotype was stably propagated by aged ISCs in organoid cultures and associated with increased chromatin accessibility of inflammation-associated loci in vivo and ex vivo, indicating a cell-intrinsic memory of inflammation. Mechanistically, we show that expression of inflammaging genes is dependent on STAT1 signaling. Together, our data reveal that inflammaging in the intestine is promoted by a cell-intrinsic mechanism, stably propagated by ISCs and associated with a disbalance in immune homeostasis.
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Project description:Advanced age is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is usually referred to as inflammaging. Elderly are also known to have an altered gut microbiota composition. However, whether inflammaging is a cause or consequence of an altered gut microbiota composition is not clear. In this study gut microbiota from young or old conventional mice was transferred to young germ-free mice. Four weeks after gut microbiota transfer immune cell populations in spleen, Peyer’s patches, and mesenteric lymph nodes from conventionalized germ-free mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, whole-genome gene expression in the ileum was analyzed by microarray. Gut microbiota composition of donor and recipient mice was analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing. Here we show by transferring aged microbiota to young germ-free mice that certain bacterial species within the aged microbiota promote inflammaging. This effect was associated with lower levels of Akkermansia and higher levels of TM7 bacteria and Proteobacteria in the aged microbiota after transfer. The aged microbiota promoted inflammation in the small intestine in the germ-free mice and enhanced leakage of inflammatory bacterial components into the circulation was observed. Moreover, the aged microbiota promoted increased T cell activation in the systemic compartment. In conclusion, these data indicate that the gut microbiota from old mice contributes to inflammaging after transfer to young germ-free mice.
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Project description:Sterile inflammation, also known as “inflammaging”, is a hallmark of tissue ageing. Cellular senescence contributes to tissue aging in part through secretion of proinflammatory factors known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) genetic variability is associated with aging and age-associated phenotypes such as late-life survival, activity of daily living, and physical performance at old age. TXNRD1’s role in regulating tissue ageing has been attributed to its enzymatic role in reducing reactive oxygen species. Here we show that TXNRD1 drives SASP and inflammaging through the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune response pathway independent of its enzymatic activity
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Project description:Sterile inflammation, also known as “inflammaging”, is a hallmark of tissue ageing. Cellular senescence contributes to tissue aging in part through secretion of proinflammatory factors known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) genetic variability is associated with aging and age-associated phenotypes such as late-life survival, activity of daily living, and physical performance at old age. TXNRD1’s role in regulating tissue ageing has been attributed to its enzymatic role in reducing reactive oxygen species. Here we show that TXNRD1 drives SASP and inflammaging through the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune response pathway independent of its enzymatic activity
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Project description:Skeletal muscle aging results in a gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle function and decreased regenerative capacity, which can lead to sarcopenia and increased mortality. While the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia remain unclear, the skeletal muscle stem cell, or satellite cell, is required for muscle regeneration. Therefore, identification of signaling pathways affecting satellite cell function during aging may provide insights into therapeutic targets for combating sarcopenia. Here, we show that a cell-autonomous loss in self-renewal occurs via novel alterations in FGF and p38αβ MAPK signaling in old satellite cells. We further demonstrate that pharmacological manipulation of these pathways can ameliorate age-associated self-renewal defects. Thus, our data highlight an age-associated deregulation of a satellite cell homeostatic network and reveals potential therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of progressive muscle wasting.
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