Hyper-activated Wnt-β-catenin signaling in the absence of sFRP1 and sFRP5 represses Mash2 expression derailing normal spongiotrophoblast differentiation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE146434 | GEO | 2020/03/06
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Hyper-activated Wnt-β-catenin signaling in the absence of sFRP1 and sFRP5 represses Mash2 expression derailing normal spongiotrophoblast differentiation
| PRJNA610571 | ENA
Project description:BACKGROUND:Wnt signaling is a critical determinant for the maintenance and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells, including trophoblast stem cells during placental development. Hyperactivation of Wnt signaling has been shown to be associated with human trophoblast diseases. However, little is known about the impact and underlying mechanisms of excessive Wnt signaling during placental trophoblast development. RESULTS:In the present work, we observed that two inhibitors of Wnt signaling, secreted frizzled-related proteins 1 and 5 (Sfrp1 and Sfrp5), are highly expressed in the extraembryonic trophoblast suggesting possible roles in early placental development. Sfrp1 and Sfrp5 double knockout mice exhibited disturbed trophoblast differentiation in the placental ectoplacental cone (EPC), which contains the precursors of trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) and spongiotrophoblast cells. In addition, we employed mouse models expressing a truncated ?-catenin with exon 3 deletion globally and trophoblast-specifically, as well as trophoblast stem cell lines, and unraveled that hyperactivation of canonical Wnt pathway exhausted the trophoblast precursor cells in the EPC, resulting in the overabundance of giant cells at the expense of spongiotrophoblast cells. Further examination uncovered that hyperactivation of canonical Wnt pathway disturbed trophoblast differentiation in the EPC via repressing Ascl2 expression. CONCLUSIONS:Our investigations provide new insights that the homeostasis of canonical Wnt-?-catenin signaling is essential for EPC trophoblast differentiation during placental development, which is of high clinical relevance, since aberrant Wnt signaling is often associated with trophoblast-related diseases.
| S-EPMC7592576 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RATIONALE:Wnt/?-catenin signaling has an important role in the angiogenic activity of endothelial cells (ECs). Bach1 is a transcription factor and is expressed in ECs, but whether Bach1 regulates angiogenesis is unknown. OBJECTIVE:This study evaluated the role of Bach1 in angiogenesis and Wnt/?-catenin signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS:Hind-limb ischemia was surgically induced in Bach1(-/-) mice and their wild-type littermates and in C57BL/6J mice treated with adenoviruses coding for Bach1 or GFP. Lack of Bach1 expression was associated with significant increases in perfusion and vascular density and in the expression of proangiogenic cytokines in the ischemic hindlimb of mice, with enhancement of the angiogenic activity of ECs (eg, tube formation, migration, and proliferation). Bach1 overexpression impaired angiogenesis in mice with hind-limb ischemia and inhibited Wnt3a-stimulated angiogenic response and the expression of Wnt/?-catenin target genes, such as interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor, in human umbilical vein ECs. Interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor were responsible for the antiangiogenic response of Bach1. Immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assessments indicated that Bach1 binds directly to TCF4 and reduces the interaction of ?-catenin with TCF4. Bach1 overexpression reduces the interaction between p300/CBP and ?-catenin, as well as ?-catenin acetylation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Bach1 occupies the TCF4-binding site of the interleukin-8 promoter and recruits histone deacetylase 1 to the interleukin-8 promoter in human umbilical vein ECs. CONCLUSIONS:Bach1 suppresses angiogenesis after ischemic injury and impairs Wnt/?-catenin signaling by disrupting the interaction between ?-catenin and TCF4 and by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 to the promoter of TCF4-targeted genes.
| S-EPMC4676728 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The link of chromatin remodeling to both neurodevelopment and cancer has recently been highlighted by the identification of mutations affecting BAF chromatin-remodeling components, such as ARID1B, in individuals with intellectual disability and cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remains unknown. Here, we show that ARID1B is a repressor of Wnt/?-catenin signaling. Through whole-transcriptome analysis, we find that in individuals with intellectual disability and ARID1B loss-of-function mutations, Wnt/?-catenin target genes are upregulated. Using cellular models of low and high Wnt/?-catenin activity, we demonstrate that knockdown of ARID1B activates Wnt/?-catenin target genes and Wnt/?-catenin-dependent transcriptional reporters in a ?-catenin-dependent manner. Reciprocally, forced expression of ARID1B inhibits Wnt/?-catenin signaling downstream of the ?-catenin destruction complex. Both endogenous and exogenous ARID1B associate with ?-catenin and repress Wnt/?-catenin-mediated transcription through the BAF core subunit BRG1. Accordingly, mutations in ARID1B leading to partial or complete deletion of its BRG1-binding domain, as is often observed in intellectual disability and cancers, compromise association with ?-catenin, and the resultant ARID1B mutant proteins fail to suppress Wnt/?-catenin signaling. Finally, knockdown of ARID1B in mouse neuroblastoma cells leads to neurite outgrowth through ?-catenin. The data suggest that aberrations in chromatin-remodeling factors, such as ARID1B, might contribute to neurodevelopmental abnormalities and cancer through deregulation of developmental and oncogenic pathways, such as the Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway.
| S-EPMC4564991 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During eye lens development, regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for two major processes: initially it must be silent in the lens placode for lens development to proceed, but subsequently it is required for maintenance of the lens epithelium. It is not known how these different phases of Wnt/β-catenin activity/inactivity are regulated. Secreted frizzled related protein-2 (Sfrp2), a putative Wnt-Fz antagonist, is expressed in lens placode and in lens epithelial cells and has been put forward as a candidate for regional Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulation. Here we show its closely-related isoform, Sfrp1, has a complimentary pattern of expression in the lens, being absent from the placode and epithelium but expressed in the fibers. As mice with single knockouts of Sfrp1 or Sfrp2 had no defects in lens formation, we examined lenses of Sfrp1 and Sfrp2 double knockout (DKO) mice and showed that they formed lens placode and subsequent lens structures. Consistent with this we did not observe ectopic TCF/Lef activity in lens placode of DKOs. This indicates that Sfrp1 and Sfrp2 individually, or together, do not constitute the putative negative regulator that blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling during lens induction. In contrast, Sfrp1 and Sfrp2 appear to have a positive regulatory function because Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lens epithelial cells was reduced in Sfrp1 and Sfrp2 DKO mice. Lenses that formed in DKO mice were smaller than controls and exhibited a deficient epithelium. Thus Sfrps play a role in lens development, at least in part, by regulating aspects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lens epithelial cells.
| S-EPMC3844297 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dact proteins belong to the Dapper/Frodo protein family and function as cytoplasmic attenuators in Wnt and TGFβ signaling. Previous studies show that Dact1 is a potent Wnt signaling inhibitor by promoting degradation of β-catenin. We report a new mechanism for Dact2 function as an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by interacting with PITX2. PITX2 is a downstream transcription factor in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and PITX2 synergizes with Lef-1 to activate downstream genes. Immunohistochemistry verified the expression of Dact2 in the tooth epithelium, which correlated with Pitx2 epithelial expression. Dact2 loss of function and PITX2 gain of function studies reveal a feedback mechanism for controlling Dact2 expression. Pitx2 endogenously activates Dact2 expression and Dact2 feeds back to repress Pitx2 transcriptional activity. A Topflash reporter system was employed showing PITX2 activation of Wnt signaling, which is attenuated by Dact2. Transient transfections demonstrate the inhibitory effect of Dact2 on critical dental epithelial differentiation factors during tooth development. Dact2 significantly inhibits PITX2 activation of the Dlx2 and amelogenin promoters. Multiple lines of evidence conclude the inhibition is achieved by the physical interaction between Dact2 and Pitx2 proteins. The loss of function of Dact2 also reveals increased cell proliferation due to up-regulated Wnt downstream genes, cyclinD1 and cyclinD2. In summary, we have identified a novel role for Dact2 as an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt pathway in embryonic tooth development through its regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.
| S-EPMC3551926 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rationale: The malignant phenotypes of glioblastomas (GBMs) are primarily attributed to glioma stem cells (GSCs). Our previous study and other reports have suggested that both miR-139 and its host gene PDE2A are putative antitumor genes in various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of miR-139/PDE2A in GSC modulation. Methods: Clinical samples were used to determine miR-139/PDE2A expression. Patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (PD-GSCs) were stimulated for immunofluorescent staining, sphere formation assays and orthotopic GBM xenograft models. Bioinformatic analysis and further in vitro experiments demonstrated the downstream molecular mechanisms of miR-139 and PDE2A. OX26/CTX-conjugated PEGylated liposome (OCP) was constructed to deliver miR-139 or PDE2A into glioma tissue specifically. Results: We demonstrated that miR-139 was concomitantly transcribed with its host gene PDE2A. Both PDE2A and miR-139 indicated better prognosis of gliomas and were inversely correlated with GSC stemness. PDE2A or miR-139 overexpression suppressed the stemness of PD-GSCs. FZD3 and β-catenin, which induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, were identified as targets of miR-139 and mediated the effects of miR-139 on GSCs. Meanwhile, PDE2A suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting cAMP accumulation and GSK-3β phosphorylation, thereby modulating the self-renewal of PD-GSCs. Notably, Notch1, which is also a target of miR-139, suppressed PDE2A/miR-139 expression directly via downstream Hes1, indicating that miR-139 promoted its own expression by the miR-139-Notch1/Hes1 feedback circuit. Expectedly, targeted overexpression miR-139 or PDE2A in glioma with OCP system significantly repressed the stemness and decelerated glioma progression. Conclusions: Our findings elaborate on the inhibitory functions of PDE2A and miR-139 on GSC stemness and tumorigenesis, which may provide new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for GBMs.
| S-EPMC8416740 | biostudies-literature
Project description:How cells integrate multiple patterning signals to achieve early endoderm regionalization remains largely unknown. Between gastrulation and neurulation, retinoic acid (RA) signaling is required, while Wnt/?-catenin signaling has to be repressed for the specification of the pancreas, oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum primordia in Xenopus embryos. In attempt to screen for RA regulated genes in Xenopus endoderm, we identified a direct RA target gene, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1a (ndrg1a) that showed expression early in the archenteron roof endoderm and late in the developing pancreas, oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Both antisense morpholino oligonucleotide mediated knockdown of ndrg1a in Xenopus laevis and the transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) mediated disruption of ndrg1 in Xenopus tropicalis demonstrate that like RA signaling, Ndrg1a is specifically required for the specification of Xenopus pancreas, oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum primordia. Immunofluorescence data suggest that RA-activated Ndrg1a suppresses Wnt/?-catenin signaling in Xenopus archenteron roof endoderm cells. Blocking Wnt/?-catenin signaling rescued Ndrg1a knockdown phenotype. Furthermore, overexpression of the putative Wnt/?-catenin target gene Atf3 phenocopied knockdown of Ndrg1a or inhibition of RA signaling, while Atf3 knockdown can rescue Ndrg1a knockdown phenotype. Lastly, the pancreas/stomach/duodenum transcription factor Pdx1 was able to rescue Atf3 overexpression or Ndrg1a knockdown phenotype. Together, we conclude that RA activated Ndrg1a represses Wnt/?-catenin signaling to allow the specification of pancreas, oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum progenitor cells in Xenopus embryos.
| S-EPMC3669096 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Molecular hydrogen (H2) is effective for many diseases. However, molecular bases of H2 have not been fully elucidated. Cumulative evidence indicates that H2 acts as a gaseous signal modulator. We found that H2 suppresses activated Wnt/?-catenin signaling by promoting phosphorylation and degradation ?f ?-catenin. Either complete inhibition of GSK3 or mutations at CK1- and GSK3-phosphorylation sites of ?-catenin abolished the suppressive effect of H2. H2 did not increase GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase, indicating that H2 has no direct effect on GSK3 itself. Knock-down of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or Axin1, which form the ?-catenin degradation complex, minimized the suppressive effect of H2 on ?-catenin accumulation. Accordingly, the effect of H2 requires CK1/GSK3-phosphorylation sites of ?-catenin, as well as the ?-catenin degradation complex comprised of CK1, GSK3, APC, and Axin1. We additionally found that H2 reduces the activation of Wnt/?-catenin signaling in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Oral intake of H2 water tended to ameliorate cartilage degradation in a surgery-induced rat osteoarthritis model through attenuating ?-catenin accumulation. We first demonstrate that H2 suppresses abnormally activated Wnt/?-catenin signaling, which accounts for the protective roles of H2 in a fraction of diseases.
| S-EPMC5001535 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Endothelial wingless-related integration site (Wnt)-/β-catenin signaling is a key regulator of the tightly sealed blood-brain barrier. In the hepatic vascular niche angiokine-mediated Wnt signaling was recently identified as an important regulator of hepatocyte function, including the determination of final adult liver size, liver regeneration, and metabolic liver zonation. Within the hepatic vasculature, the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are morphologically unique and functionally specialized microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). Pathological changes of LSECs are involved in chronic liver diseases, hepatocarcinogenesis, and liver metastasis. To comprehensively analyze the effects of endothelial Wnt-/β-catenin signaling in the liver, we used endothelial subtype-specific Clec4g-iCre mice to generate hepatic ECs with overexpression of Ctnnb1. In the resultant Clec4g-iCre tg/wt ;Ctnnb1(Ex3) fl/wt (Ctnnb1 OE-EC ) mice, activation of endothelial Wnt-/β-catenin signaling resulted in sinusoidal transdifferentiation with disturbed endothelial zonation, that is, loss of midzonal LSEC marker lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 (Lyve1) and enrichment of continuous EC genes, such as cluster of differentiation (CD)34 and Apln. Notably, gene set enrichment analysis revealed overrepresentation of brain endothelial transcripts. Activation of endothelial Wnt-/β-catenin signaling did not induce liver fibrosis or alter metabolic liver zonation, but Ctnnb1 OE-EC mice exhibited significantly increased plasma triglyceride concentrations, while liver lipid content was slightly reduced. Ctnnb1 overexpression in arterial ECs of the heart has been reported previously to cause cardiomyopathy. As Clec4g-iCre is active in a subset of cardiac ECs, it was not unexpected that Ctnnb1 OE-EC mice showed reduced overall survival and cardiac dysfunction. Altogether, balanced endothelial Wnt-/β-catenin signaling in the liver is required for normal LSEC differentiation and for maintenance of normal plasma triglyceride levels.
| S-EPMC8511684 | biostudies-literature