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Transcriptome analysis of developmental stages of cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella: A polyphagous insect pest of economic importance in Southeast Asia.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To provide genetic resources for future research on developing RNAi as a strategy for management of this pest Methods: We sequenced the transcriptome of C. cramerella representing the three stages of development, larva, pupa and adult moth using Illumina NovaSeq6000. Transcriptome assembly was performed by Trinity for all the samples. Results: A total number of 147,356,088 high quality reads were obtained. Of these, 285,882 contigs were assembled. The mean contig size was 374 bp. Additionally, we identified a number of genes that are involved in reproduction and development such as genes involved in general function processes in the insect. Genes found to be involved in reproduction such as porin, dsx, bol and fruitless were associated with sex determination, spermatogenesis and pheromone binding. Conclusions: The transcriptomes data would be a valuable genetic resource for identification of genes in C. cramerella and the study will provide putative targets for RNAi pest control.

ORGANISM(S): Conopomorpha cramerella

PROVIDER: GSE146610 | GEO | 2021/03/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:This study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity and host plant races of M. vitrata population in South and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was used to understand the phylogenetic relationship of geographically different M. vitrata population, but previous studies did not include population from Southeast Asia, the probable center of origin for Maruca, and from east Africa. Extensive sampling was done from different host plant species in target countries. Reference populations from Oceania and Latin America were used. An amplicon of 658 bp was produced by polymerase chain reaction, and 64 haplotypes were identified in 686 M. vitrata individuals. Phylogenetic analysis showed no difference among the M. vitrata population from different host plants. However, the results suggested that M. vitrata has formed two putative subspecies (which cannot be differentiated based on morphological characters) in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, as indicated by the high pairwise FST values (0.44-0.85). The extremely high FST values (≥ 0.93) of Maruca population in Latin America and Oceania compared to Asian and African population seem to indicate a different species. On the continental or larger geographical region basis, the genetic differentiation is significantly correlated with the geographical distance. In addition, two putative species of Maruca, including M. vitrata occur in Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The negative Tajima's D and Fu's FS values showed the recent demographic expansion of Maruca population. The haplotype network and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery analyses confirmed the results of phylogenetic analysis. Thus, this study confirmed the presence of three putative Maruca species, including one in Latin America, one in Oceania (including Indonesia) and M. vitrata in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Hence, the genetic differences in Maruca population should be carefully considered while designing the pest management strategies in different regions.

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Transcriptome analysis of developmental stages of cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella: A polyphagous insect pest of economic importance in Southeast Asia.

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