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KRAS drives immune evasion in a genetic model of pancreatic cancer [bulk RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Immune evasion is a hallmark of KRAS-driven cancers, but underlying mechanism and clinical implications remain unclear.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE146694 | GEO | 2020/11/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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KRAS drives immune evasion in a genetic model of pancreatic cancer

Project description:We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to inactivate KRAS in pancreatic cancer cells and isolated cell populations that still produce tumors in mice. We show that the malignant phenotype of KRAS knockout cells is stable. However, KRAS deficient cancer cells fail to avoid detection and elimination by the host immune system, indicating that a key aspect of tumor maintenance by oncogenic KRAS is to promote immune evasion. Our study uncovers changes both in cancer cells and stromal immunoreactive cells attributable to KRAS expression. Complementation studies indicate that BRAF, AKT and MYC are causative drivers of KRAS-mediated immune suppression. These results show that combination treatments that both target KRAS signaling and boost antitumor immunity will be an effective strategy to treat PDAC.

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KRAS drives immune evasion in a genetic model of pancreatic cancer

Project description:KRAS drives immune evasion in a genetic model of pancreatic cancer

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KRAS drives immune evasion in a genetic model of pancreatic cancer [bulk RNA-seq]

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cAMP response element-binding protein mediates immune-evasion of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas

Project description:We discovered that KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas (LADC) co-opt CREB in order to evade the innate immune system: KRAS-driven CREB activation in LADC suppresses the expression of CXCR1 ligands that would otherwise recruit neutrophils to the tumor site. CREB was overexpressed in murine KRAS-mutant LADC, pulmonary Creb1-deletion inhibited disease development, and Creb1-overexpression boosted the tumorigenicity of KRAS-mutant cells. Conditional Creb1 deletion in Kras-mutant LADC cells caused overexpression of CXCR1/2 ligands, and lung tumor-bearing Creb1-deleted mice displayed increased pulmonary neutrophils. Cxcr1-deficient mice were selectively permissive to KRAS-mutant tumor growth and showed defective neutrophil recruitment. The pro-tumor effects of CREB required intact host-Cxcr1 and those of host-Cxcr1 necessitated mutant KRAS in cancer cells. Pharmacologic CREB blockade prevented tumor growth and restored neutrophil recruitment only when initiated before immune evasion of KRAS-mutant LADC cells. CREB and CXCR1 expression were respectively restricted to tumor and stromal cells of human LADC, while CREB-controlled genes profoundly impacted survival. In summary, CREB-mediated immune evasion of KRAS-mutant LADC rests on signaling to myeloid CXCR1 and is actionable.

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Project description:Activating mutations in the proto-oncogene KRAS are a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an aggressive malignancy with few effective therapeutic options. Despite efforts to develop KRAS-targeted drugs, the absolute dependence of PDAC cells on KRAS remains incompletely understood. Here we modeled complete KRAS inhibition using CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing. While KRAS knockout led to decreased in vitro proliferation and impaired in vivo tumorigenic growth, KRAS was dispensable in a subset of human and mouse PDAC cells. KRAS knockout cells exhibited hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway and induced sensitivity to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. Mechanistically, PI3K inhibition in KRAS knockout cells led to transient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) blockade while impeding AKT-dependent 4EBP1 phosphorylation and cap-dependent translation. Furthermore, comparison of gene expression profiles of cells retaining or lacking KRAS revealed a novel functional role of KRAS in the suppression of metastasis-related genes. Accordingly, KRAS knockout gene expression signatures correlated with PDAC circulating tumor cell (CTC) signatures, and human PDAC tumors with gene expression patterns enriched in signatures from KRAS knockout cells were associated with worse survival in patients. Together, these data underscore the potential for resistance of PDAC to even the very best of KRAS inhibitors and suggest combination therapies with PI3K inhibitors as a viable strategy to circumvent resistance.

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Bulk RNA-Seq comparing pancreatic acinar cells based on their expression levels of KRAS protein (Citrine-KRAS fusion)

Project description:We developped new mouse models to detect endogenous KRAS protein expression pattern via a Citrine-KRAS (Cit-K) fusion construction

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Adaptive and reversible resistance to Kras inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells

Project description:Activating Kras mutations are the hallmark genetic alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and key drivers of PDAC initiation and progression. Despite increased efforts to develop novel Kras inhibitors, the degree of Kras oncogene addiction in PDAC cells remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the requirement of endogenous Kras for the maintenance of murine PDAC cells using an inducible shRNA-based system that enables temporal control of endogenous Kras expression. Surprisingly, the majority of murine PDAC cells analyzed tolerated acute and sustained Kras knockdown by adapting to a reversible cell state, characterized by differences in cell morphology, proliferative kinetics, and tumor-initiating capacity. While significant mutational or transcriptional changes were not observed in the Kras-inhibited state, global phosphoproteomic profiling revealed alterations in cell signaling, including increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion pathway components. Accordingly, Kras-inhibited cells displayed prominent focal adhesion plaque structures, enhanced adherence properties, and increased dependency on adhesion for viability in vitro. Our analyses highlight the possibility of adaptive non-genetic and non-transcriptional mechanisms of resistance to Kras inhibition. Furthermore, we have identified candidate proteins whose signaling activities are altered in the Kras-inhibited state, providing a basis for the rational design of combination therapeutic strategies with novel Kras inhibitors.

2018-01-03 | GSE95478 | GEO

Comparative transcriptome analysis of Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- vs. Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- subcutaneous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Project description:In this experiment the RNA of s.c. grown tumors of cancer cell lines of murine Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- vs. Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- PDA was isolated and analyzed for gene expression. Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- s.c. PDA grows more benign as compared to Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- PDA; and the rationale of this study was to identify genes responsible for this different biological behavior. Total RNA of s.c. tumors of Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- vs. Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- cancer cell lines was isolated, purified and analyzed on the deep sequencing platform.

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Expression profiling of KRas ablation surviving cells and matched Kras expressing spheres in pancreatic tumors

Project description:In this dataset, we include the expression data obtained from KRas expressing tumors, matched Kras expressing tumor spheres, surviving cells and surviving cells after KRas re-expression for 24hs Data reported here are obtained from 5 independent tumors (from 1 to 5). For each tumor, expression data for the original Tumor (in vivo bulk tumor lesion), the KRas Expressing Spheres derived from the bulk tumor, the matched surviving cells after 8 days of KRas ablation (SCs) and Surviving Cells after 24 hours of KRas re-expression are reported.

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