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16s rDNA sequencing of feces from C9orf72 loss of function mice

ABSTRACT: We report the sequencing of bacterial species across four environments in which C9orf72 loss of function mice were studied as well as mice that received fecal transplantation. Our study elucidates bacterial communities that associate with pro-inflammatory or pro-survival outcomes in this model of ALS/FTD with features of autoimmunity and systemic and neural inflammation.

ORGANISM(S): feces metagenome

PROVIDER: GSE147325 | GEO | 2020/03/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Moderate intrinsic phenotypic alterations in C9orf72 ALS/FTD iPSC-microglia despite the presence of C9orf72 pathological features

Project description:To differentiate, characterize and examine intrinsic phenotypes of C9orf72 ALS/FTD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells into microglia (iPSC-MG). Moderate molecular and functional differences were observed in C9orf72 iPSC-MG mono-cultures despite the presence of C9orf72 pathological features.

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C9orf72 Intermediate Repeats are Associated with Corticobasal Degeneration, Increased C9orf72 Expression and Disruption of Autophagy

Project description:Microsatellite repeat expansion disease loci can exhibit pleiotropic clinical and biological effects depending on repeat length. Large expansions in C9orf72 (100s-1000s of units) are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). However, whether intermediate expansions also contribute to neurodegenerative disease is not well understood. Several studies have identified intermediate repeats in Parkinson’s disease patients, but the association was not found in autopsy confirmed cases. We hypothesized that intermediate C9orf72 repeats are a genetic risk factor for corticobasal degeneration (CBD), a neurodegenerative disease that can be clinically similar to Parkinson’s but has distinct tau protein pathology. Indeed, intermediate C9orf72 repeats were significantly enriched in autopsy-proven CBD (n=354 cases, odds ratio=3.59, p-value=0.00024). While large C9orf72 repeat expansions are known to decrease C9orf72 expression, intermediate C9orf72 repeats result in increased C9orf72 expression in human brain tissue and CRISPR/cas9 knockin iPSC derived neural progenitor cells. In contrast to cases of FTD/ALS with large C9orf72 expansions, CBD with intermediate C9orf72 repeats was not associated with pathologic RNA foci or dipeptide repeat protein aggregates. Knock-in cells with intermediate repeats exhibit numerous changes in gene expression pathways relating to vesicle trafficking and autophagy. Additionally, overexpression of C9orf72 without the repeat expansion leads to defects in autophagy under nutrient starvation conditions. These results raise the possibility that therapeutic strategies to reduce C9orf72 expression may be beneficial for the treatment of CBD.

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C9orf72 in myeloid cells suppresses STING-induced inflammation

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Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification and regulates RNA metabolism. Repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). Here, we showed that m6A is downregulated in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD patient-derived iPSC-differentiated neurons and postmortem brain tissues. The global m6A hypomethylation leads to transcriptome-wide mRNA stabilization and upregulated gene expression, especially ones involved in synaptic activity and neuronal functions. The m6A modification in the C9ORF72 intron sequence preceding the expanded repeats enhances RNA degradation via the nuclear reader YTHDC1. The m6A reduction leads to increased accumulation of repeat RNA and poly-dipeptides. Moreover, the antisense RNA can also be regulated by m6A. Elevating m6A level significantly reduces both sense and antisense repeat RNA and poly-dipeptides, rescues global mRNA homeostasis, and improves survival of C9ORF72-ALS/FTD patient neurons.

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N6-methyladenosine regulates RNA metabolism and neurodegeneration in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD [seq_polyA_RNA-decay]

2023-06-09 | GSE203579 | GEO

N6-methyladenosine regulates RNA metabolism and neurodegeneration in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD [seq_polyA_RNA-RIP]

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2021-07-21 | GSE138592 | GEO

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Project description:C9orf72 repeat expansions cause inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) and result in both loss of C9orf72 protein expression and production of potentially toxic RNA and dipeptide repeat proteins. In addition to ALS/FTD, C9orf72 repeat expansions have been reported in a broad array of neurodegenerative syndromes including Alzheimer’s disease. Here we show that C9orf72 deficiency promotes loss of homeostatic signatures in microglia and transition to an inflammatory state characterized by an enhanced type I IFN signature. Furthermore, C9orf72-depleted microglia trigger age-dependent neuronal defects, in particular enhanced cortical synaptic pruning, leading to altered learning and memory behaviors in mice. Interestingly, C9orf72 deficient microglia also promote enhanced synapse loss and neuronal deficits in a mouse model of amyloid accumulation, while paradoxically improving plaque clearance. These findings suggest that altered microglial function due to decreased C9orf72 expression directly contributes to neurodegeneration in repeat expansion carriers independent of gain of function toxicities.

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