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Two subsets of stem-like CD8+ memory T cell progenitors with distinct fate commitments in humans

ABSTRACT: T cell memory relies on the generation of antigen-specific progenitors with stem-like properties. However, the identity of these progenitors has remained unclear, precluding a full understanding of the differentiation trajectories that underpin the heterogeneity of memory and effector T cells. Here, we used a series of high-dimensional approaches guided by single-cell RNA sequencing data to map the organizational structure of the human CD8+ memory T cell pool under physiological conditions. We identified two previously unrecognized subsets of clonally, epigenetically, functionally, phenotypically, and transcriptionally distinct stem-like CD8+ memory T cells. Progenitors lacking the inhibitory receptors programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) were committed to a functional lineage, whereas progenitors expressing PD-1 and TIGIT were committed to a dysfunctional, exhausted-like lineage. Collectively, these data revealed the existence of parallel differentiation programs in the human CD8+ memory T cell pool, with potentially broad implications for the development of immunotherapies and vaccines.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE147397 | GEO | 2020/08/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Two subsets of stem-like CD8+ memory T cell progenitors with distinct fate commitments in humans

Project description:T cell memory relies on the generation of antigen-specific progenitors with stem-like properties. However, the identity of these progenitors has remained unclear, precluding a full understanding of the differentiation trajectories that underpin the heterogeneity of memory and effector T cells. Here, we used a series of high-dimensional approaches guided by single-cell RNA sequencing data to map the organizational structure of the human CD8+ memory T cell pool under physiological conditions. We identified two previously unrecognized subsets of clonally, epigenetically, functionally, phenotypically, and transcriptionally distinct stem-like CD8+ memory T cells. Progenitors lacking the inhibitory receptors programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) were committed to a functional lineage, whereas progenitors expressing PD-1 and TIGIT were committed to a dysfunctional, exhausted-like lineage. Collectively, these data revealed the existence of parallel differentiation programs in the human CD8+ memory T cell pool, with potentially broad implications for the development of immunotherapies and vaccines.

2020-08-03 | GSE147395 | GEO

Two subsets of stem-like CD8+ memory T cell progenitors with distinct fate commitments in humans

2020-08-03 | GSE147394 | GEO

TIGIT+ Tregs

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Implication of TIGIT+ human memory B cells in immune regulation

Project description:Regulatory B cells (Bregs) contribute to immune regulation. However, the mechanisms of action of Bregs remain elusive. Here, we report that T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) expressed on human memory B cells especially CD19+CD24hiCD27+CD39hiIgD−IgM+CD1c+ B cells is essential for effective immune regulation. Mechanistically, TIGIT on memory B cells controls immune response by directly acting on T cells and by arresting proinflammatory function of dendritic cells, resulting in the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and CXCR5+ICOS+ T cell response while promoting immune regulatory function of T cells. TIGIT+ memory B cells are also superior to other B cells at expressing additional inhibitory molecules, including IL-10, TGFβ1, granzyme B, PD-L1, CD39/CD73, and TIM-1. Lack or decrease of TIGIT+ memory B cells is associated with increased donor-specific antibody and TFH response, and decreased Treg response in renal and liver allograft patients. Therefore, TIGIT+ human memory B cells play critical roles in immune regulation.

2020-12-23 | GSE151415 | GEO

Analysis of gene expression in naïve T cells stimulated by cross-linking with both anti-CD3 and anti-CD155 antibodies

Project description:we have focused T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) as a responsible molecule for serial tolansfer if the tolerant state. When naïve T cells were co-cultured with tolerant T cells, stimulated naïve T cells showed higher and earlier TIGIT expression in comparison to that of their single culture without the tolerant T cells. We also showed that TIGIT expression in naïve T cells become high promptly/quickly by cross-linking of TCR and poliovirus receptor (PVR; CD155), a partner/ligand of TIGIT, which is accompanied by reduced IL-2 expression.

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Metabolic regulation by PD-1 signaling promotes long-lived quiescent CD8 T cell memory in mice

Project description:Inhibitory signaling in dysfunctional CD8 T cells through the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) axis is well established in chronic viral infections and cancers. PD-1 is also transiently induced to high concentrations during priming of acute infections and immunizations, yet its impact on the development of long-lived antigen-independent T cell memory remains unclear. In addition to its expected role in restraining clonal effector expansion, here we show that PD-1 expression on antigen-specific CD8 T cells is required for the development of a durable CD8 T cell memory pool after antigen clearance. Loss of T cell-specific PD-1 signaling led to increased contraction and a defect in antigen-independent renewal of memory CD8 T cells in response to homeostatic cytokine signals, thus resulting in attrition of the memory pool over time. Whereas exhausted CD8 T cells regain function after PD-1 checkpoint blockade during chronic viral infection, the pre-existing pool of resting functional bystander memory CD8 T cells established in response to a previously administered immunogen decreased. Metabolically, PD-1 signals were necessary for regulating the critical balance of mTOR-dependent anabolic glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation programs to meet the bioenergetics needs of quiescent memory. These results define PD-1 as a key metabolic regulator of protective T cell immunity. Further, these results have potential clinical implications for pre-existing CD8 T cell memory during PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. We used genomewide microarrays to analyze the mRNA gene expression profile of LCMV GP33-specific effector CD8 T cells from P14 mice that were differentiated in the presence (WT) or absence of PD1 signals (PD1KO) upon in vivo infection with LCMV Armstrong.

2021-07-29 | GSE181068 | GEO

Identification of a T-bet hi Quiescent Exhausted CD8 T Cell Subpopulation That Can Differentiate into TIM3 + CX3CR1 + Effectors and Memory-like Cells

Project description:Persistent Ag induces a dysfunctional CD8 T cell state known as "exhaustion" characterized by PD-1 expression. Nevertheless, exhausted CD8 T cells retain functionality through continued differentiation of progenitor into effector cells. However, it remains ill-defined how CD8 T cell effector responses are sustained in situ. In this study, we show using the mouse chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection model that CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells contain a T-bet-dependent TIM3-PD-1lo subpopulation that is distinct from the TIM3+CX3CR1+PD-1+ proliferative effector subset. The TIM3-CX3CR1+ cells are quiescent and express a low but significant level of the transcription factor TCF-1, demonstrating similarity to TCF-1hi progenitor CD8 T cells. Furthermore, following the resolution of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus viremia, a substantial proportion of TCF-1+ memory-like CD8 T cells show evidence of CX3CR1 expression during the chronic phase of the infection. Our results suggest a subset of the CX3CR1+ exhausted population demonstrates progenitor-like features that support the generation of the CX3CR1+ effector pool from the TCF-1hi progenitors and contribute to the memory-like pool following the resolution of viremia.

2021-04-13 | GSE148497 | GEO

TIGIT expression on CD8+ T cells correlates with higher cytotoxic capacity

Project description:Persistent exposure to antigen leads to T cell exhaustion and immunologic dysfunction. We examined the immune exhaustion markers TIGIT and PD-1 in HIV-infected and healthy individuals and the relationship with cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Frequencies of TIGIT but not PD-1 positively correlated with CTL activity in HIV-aviremic and healthy individuals; however, there was no correlation in HIV-viremic individuals. Transcriptome analyses revealed upregulation of genes associated with antiviral immunity in TIGIT+ versus TIGIT-CD8+ T cells. Our data suggest that TIGIT+CD8+ T cells do not necessarily represent a state of immune exhaustion and maintain an intrinsic cytotoxicity in HIV-infected individuals.

2021-03-31 | GSE171172 | GEO

Transcription profiling by array of CD8 T cells from healthy individuals that express high levals of Programmed Death-1 protein

Project description:T cell dysfunction is an important feature of many chronic viral infections. In particular, it was shown that PD-1 regulates T cell dysfunction during chronic LCMV infection in mice and PD-1 high cells exhibit an intense exhausted gene signature. These findings were extended to human chronic infections such as HIV, HCV and HBV. However, it is not known if PD-1 high cells of healthy humans have the traits of exhausted cells. In this study, we provide a comprehensive description of phenotype, function and gene expression profiles of PD-1 high versus PD-1 low CD8 T cells in the peripheral blood of healthy human adults as following: 1) The percentage of naive and memory CD8 T cells varied widely in the peripheral blood cells of healthy humans and PD-1 was expressed by the memory CD8 T cells. 2) PD-1 high CD8 T cells in healthy humans did not significantly correlated with the PD-1 high exhausted gene signature of HIV specific human CD8 T cells or chronic LCMV specific CD8 T cells from mice. 3) PD-1 expression did not directly affect the ability of CD8 T cells to secrete cytokines in healthy adults. 4) PD-1 was expressed by the effector memory (TEM) compared to ‘terminally differentiated effector’ (TEMRA) CD8 T cells. 5) Finally, an interesting inverse relationship between CD45RA and PD-1 expression was observed. We used highly purified PD-1 high and PD-1 low from six healthy adult individuals and naive CD8 T cell populations from four of those individuals for gene expression studies

2011-01-11 | E-GEOD-26495 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Pd-1 High and Intermediate CD8+ T cells

Project description:During acute viral infections, naïve CD8+ T cells differentiate into effector CD8+ T cells and, after viral control, into memory CD8+ T cells. Memory CD8+ T cells are highly functional, proliferate rapidly upon reinfection and persist long-term without antigen. In contrast, during chronic infections, CD8+ T cells become “exhausted” and have poor effector function, express multiple inhibitory receptors, possess low proliferative capacity, and cannot persist without antigen. Exhuasted CD8+ T cells can be further segregated by their expression of the inhibitory cell surface receptor PD-1. We performed transcriptional profiling on both PD-1 High and PD-1 Intermediate H2-Db GP33-specific CD8+ T cells. H2-Db GP33-specific CD8+ T cells were sorted from C57BL/6 mice 30 days p.i. with LCMV clone 13. These cells were then segregated by their expression of the inhibitory cell surface receptor PD-1 into PD-1 High and PD-1 Intermediate subpopulations. We performed transcriptional profiling on these subpopulations.

2014-10-24 | E-GEOD-41869 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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