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Estrogen signaling modulates the colon microenvironment during obesity

ABSTRACT: Epidemiological studies highlight a strong association between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC). This association appears stronger in men and a role for sex hormones is indicated by epidemiological studies. Especially estrogen is protective against CRC and correlated to several aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic effects of estrogen in colon have been demonstrated to act via estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). This led us to hypothesize that estrogenic signaling, through both systemic and local effects might modulate the colon microenvironment during HFD-induced obesity. In order to test our hypothesis mice were fed a control diet or a high fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks and treated with different estrogenic ligands. In the present study, we demonstrate that there are sex-differences in the response to HFD-induced obesity and in the colon transcriptome. Both sexes develop obesity with an impaired circadian rhythm but the male metabolic profile is more sensitive to HFD and increased the colon epithelial cell proliferation. Females were resistant to impaired glucose metabolism, but HFD-feeding increased the infiltration of macrophages. Estrogen signaling in males, via ERα, presented anti-obesogenic effects. However, systemic and/or local activation of both ERα and ERβ restored the circadian rhythm in the males. In females, systemic activation of ERα restored the circadian rhythm, however, systemic and/or local activation of ERβ down-regulated the expression of macrophage markers. These results suggest that estrogen signaling through systemic and/or local activation of ERβ can regulate the colon microenvironment during HFD-induced obesity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE149811 | GEO | 2020/10/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The closely related transcription factors (TFs), estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, regulate divergent gene expression programs and proliferative outcomes in breast cancer. Utilizing MCF-7 breast cancer cells with ERα, ERβ, or both receptors as a model system to define the basis of differing response specification by related TFs, we show that these TFs and their key coregulators, SRC3 and RIP140, generate overlapping as well as unique chromatin-binding and transcription-regulating modules. Cistrome and transcriptome analyses and use of clustering algorithms delineated 11 clusters representing different chromatin-bound receptor and coregulator assemblies that could be functionally associated through enrichment analysis with distinct patterns of gene regulation and preferential coregulator usage, RIP140 with ERβ and SRC3 with ERα. The receptors modified each other’s transcriptional effect, and ERβ countered the proliferative drive of ERα through several novel mechanisms associated with specific binding site clusters. Our findings delineate distinct TF-coregulator assemblies that function as control nodes specifying precise patterns of gene regulation, proliferation, and metabolism, as exemplified by two of the most important nuclear hormone receptors in human breast cancer. MCF-7 cells expressing endogenous ERalpha were infected with adenovirus carrying either estrogen receptor beta (AdERb) or no insert (Ad) at multiplicity of infection (moi) of 50. ERβ only cells were generated from these cells by knockdown of ERα in parental cells using the following siERα sequences from Dharmacon: forward, 5’-UCAUCGCAUUCCUUGCAAAdTdT-3’, and reverse, 5’-UUUGCAAGGAAUGCGAUGAdTdT-3’. siRNA experiments were performed as previously described, and resulted in knocknown of ERα mRNA and protein by greater than 95% (GSE4006, PMID 16809442). Briefly, cells were transfected with 20 nM siCtrl [GSE4006] or siERα for 48 h after infection. Then cells were treated with 0.1% EtOH (Veh) or 10 nM E2 (Sigma-Aldrich) for 24h. All experiments were conducted with two replicates. key words; Adenovirus infection,siRNA knock-down, ligand treatment

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Estrogen signaling modulates the colon microenvironment during obesity

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