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The ISW1a ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler acts specifically on dinucleosomes to regulate early transcription [ChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: The large family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that regulate chromatin organization and composition are thought to act only on individual mononucleosomes. We discovered however that the yeast ISW1a remodeler has a much higher affinity for dinucleosomes and only efficiently converts ATP hydrolysis into nucleosome movement when bound to dinucleosomes, not mononucleosomes. The Ioc3 accessory subunit and its HLB DNA binding domain confer dinucleosome specificity onto the Isw1 catalytic subunit. Perturbation of ISW1a dinucleosome specificity by mutating Ioc3 interferes with its localization immediately downstream of the early transcription complex. ISW1a and NuA4, a histone acetyl transferase, and SWR1, a histone exchanger, are required together to slow early passage of RNA polymerase II. These findings provide new insights into the unusual specificity of a chromatin remodeler regulating the transition from transcription initiation to elongation and its functional interplay with other chromatin modifiers.

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PROVIDER: GSE150826 | GEO | 2020/07/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The ISW1a ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler acts specifically on dinucleosomes to regulate early transcription [RNA-seq]

Project description:The large family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that regulate chromatin organization and composition are thought to act only on individual mononucleosomes. We discovered however that the yeast ISW1a remodeler has a much higher affinity for dinucleosomes and only efficiently converts ATP hydrolysis into nucleosome movement when bound to dinucleosomes, not mononucleosomes. The Ioc3 accessory subunit and its HLB DNA binding domain confer dinucleosome specificity onto the Isw1 catalytic subunit. Perturbation of ISW1a dinucleosome specificity by mutating Ioc3 interferes with its localization immediately downstream of the early transcription complex. ISW1a and NuA4, a histone acetyl transferase, and SWR1, a histone exchanger, are required together to slow early passage of RNA polymerase II. These findings provide new insights into the unusual specificity of a chromatin remodeler regulating the transition from transcription initiation to elongation and its functional interplay with other chromatin modifiers.

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The ISW1a ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler acts specifically on dinucleosomes to regulate early transcription [MNase-Seq]

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The ISW1a ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler acts specifically on dinucleosomes to regulate early transcription

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The ISW1a ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler acts specifically on dinucleosomes to regulate early transcription [ChIP-seq]

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The ISW1a ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler acts specifically on dinucleosomes to regulate early transcription [MNase-Seq]

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Project description:The ISW1a ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler acts specifically on dinucleosomes to regulate early transcription [RNA-seq]

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The esBAF and ISWI nucleosome remodeling complexes influence occupancy of overlapping dinucleosomes and fragile nucleosomes in murine embryonic stem cells

Project description:Nucleosome remodeling factors regulate the occupancy and positioning of nucleosomes genome-wide through ATP-driven DNA translocation. While many nucleosomes are well- and consistently positioned, some nucleosomes and nucleosome-like structures are more sensitive to nuclease digestion or transitory in nature. To better understand the role of nucleosome remodeling factors in generating and clearing these alternative nucleosome structures, we depleted murine embryonic stem cells of the remodeler ATPases BRG1 and SNF2H then performed MNase-seq in murine embryonic stem cells. We performed MNase-seq under high- and low-MNase conditions to assess the effects of nucleosome remodeling factors on nuclease-sensitive or “fragile” nucleosome occupancy. In parallel, we gel-extracted MNase-digested fragments to enrich for another alternative nucleosome structure, the overlapping dinucleosome. Overlapping dinucleosomes are composed of two canonical nucleosomes, asymmetrically lacking one H2A:H2B dimer and wrapped by ~250 bp of DNA. In vitro studies of nucleosome remodeling have suggested that the collision of adjacent nucleosomes by nucleosome sliding can stimulate formation of overlapping dinucleosomes. Using these methods, we were able to identify fragile nucleosomes and overlapping dinucleosomes near transcription start sites and gene-distal DNaseI hypersensitive sites in mouse embryonic stem cells, among other loci. We find that BRG1 consistently stimulates occupancy of fragile nucleosomes but represses occupancy of overlapping dinucleosomes through its nucleosome remodeling function, while SNF2H expression slightly increases fragile nucleosome occupancy.

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Structure of the ISW1a complex bound to the dinucleosome

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RSC and ISW1 Chromatin Remodelers Display Functional and Chromatin-based Promoter Antagonism [ChIP-seq]

Project description:ISWI-family chromatin remodelers organize nucleosome arrays, while SWI/SNF-family remodelers (RSC) disorganize and eject nucleosomes, implying an antagonism that is largely unexplored in vivo. Here, we describe two independent genetic screens for rsc suppressors that yielded mutations in the promoter-focused ISW1a complex, or mutations in the ‘basic patch’ of histone H4 (an epitope that regulates ISWI activity), strongly supporting RSC-ISW1a antagonism in vivo. RSC and ISW1a largely co-localize, and genomic nucleosome studies using rsc isw1 mutant combinations revealed opposing functions: promoters classified with a nucleosome-deficient region (NDR) gain nucleosome occupancy in rsc mutants, but this gain is attenuated in rsc isw1 double mutants. Furthermore, promoters lacking NDRs have the highest occupancy of both remodelers, consistent with regulation by nucleosome occupancy, and decreased transcription in rsc mutants. Taken together, we provide the first genetic and genomic evidence for RSC-ISW1a antagonism, and reveal different mechanisms at two different promoter architectures. Genomic localization of RSC, ISW1a, and SWI/SNF complexes were measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by Illumina paired-end sequencing. Four strains were analyzed, including Rsc8-9xMyc (YBC2882), Sth1-2xFlag (YBC601 p3018), Ioc3-13xMyc (YBC2883), and Snf2-13xMyc (YBC3010). Each sample consists of one chromatin immunoprecipitate and one input chromatin control.

2015-04-01 | E-GEOD-65592 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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