Cardiomyocytes Infected by SARS-CoV-2 Recruit Cardiotoxic Macrophages [scRNA-seq dataset]
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE151878 | GEO | 2020/10/29
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Heart injury has been reported in up to 20% of COVID-19 patients, yet the cause of myocardial histopathology is unknown. We examined heart tissue from autopsies of healthy and COVID-19 patients using RNA-seq and identified a strikingly increased CCL2 expression and macrophage population in COVID-19 heart sample. Transwell assays using hESC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) and macrophages revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infected CMs secrete CCL2, which recruits macrophages, and this was validated using adult human CMs. Macrophages recruited by CCL2 from infected CMs secrete IL-6 and TNF-α, which causes increased ROS and cell apoptosis of CMs. Finally, a high content chemical screen using FDA-approved drugs identified ranolozine and tofacitinib, which rescue SARS-CoV-2 infected CMs from macrophages-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Project description:Chronic endotheliitis and various cardiovascular co-morbidities are more likely to develop in patients who are recovering from a post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite a growing body of clinical data suggesting that the endothelium could be the cause of both cardiac injury and the multi-organ damage found in COVID-19 patients, there is no clear link between endothelial (EC) dysfunction and increased cardiac risk during long COVID. Here, we studied long COVID-19-associated endotheliitis and its implications on cardiac dysfunction. Thrombotic vascular tissues from long COVID patients were harvested and profiled to identify the different mechanisms of viral-induced EC pathogenesis. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived ECs were leveraged to model endotheliitis in-a-dish after exposure to SARS-CoV-2, which showed similar EC dysfunction and upregulation of specific cytokines such as CCL2 and IL6, as seen in the primary ECs of long COVID patients. 3D fabricated cardiac organoids generated from iPSC-ECs and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) were utilized to understand the pathological influence of endotheliitis on cardiac dysfunction. Notably, cardiac dysfunction was observed only in cardiac organoids that were fabricated with both iPSC-CMs and iPSC-ECs after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Simultaneous profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression dynamics via integration of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq at a single cell resolution revealed CCL2 as the prime cytokine responsible for the non-endothelial “phenotype switching” and the impending cardiac dysfunction in cardiac organoids. This was further validated by high-throughput proteomics that showed CCL2 to be released only by cardiac organoids that were fabricated with iPSC-CMs and iPSC-ECs after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lastly, disease modeling of the cardiac organoids as well as exposure of human ACE2 transgenic mice to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins uncovered a putative mechanism for the cardiac dysfunction involving posttranslational modification of cardiac proteins driven by oxidative stress and inflammation. These results suggest that EC-released cytokines can contribute to the pathogenesis of long COVID-associated cardiac dysfunction, and thus a thorough clinical profiling of vascular health could help identify early signs of heart disease in COVID-19 patients.
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