Expression of autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid receptors increases mammary tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastases
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE15263 | GEO | 2009/06/11
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA116489
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Autotaxin (ATX, Enpp2) is a secreted lysophospholipase D catalyzing the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a pleiotropic growth factor-like phospholipid. Upregulated ATX expression has been detected in various chronic inflammatory disorders and different types of cancer; among them increased ATX mRNA or immunohistochemical staining has been suggested in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Conditional deletion of ATX/Enpp2 specifically from hepatocytes, in AlbEnpp2-/- mice, attenuated the DEN/CCl4-mediated HCC development in mice. To obtain mechanistic insights into the mode of action of the ATX/LPA axis in HCC development, we performed whole liver, genome wide expression profiling of DEN/CCl4-induced HCC upon the genetic deletion of Autotaxin (ATX) in AlbEnpp2-/- mice in comparison with DEN/CCl4-treated and untreated wt littermate mice.
2016-11-30 | E-MTAB-4648 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that dissipates stored energy as heat to maintain body temperature in infants and small mammals. This process may also provide protection from development of diet-induced obesity. We found that the bioactive lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) markedly decreases differentiation of cultured primary brown adipocyte precursors, while potent selective inhibitors of the LPA-generating enzyme autotaxin (ATX) promote differentiation. Transgenic mice overexpressing ATX exhibited reduced expression of BAT-related genes in peripheral white adipose tissue and accumulated significantly more fat than wild-type controls when fed a high fat diet. Our results indicate that ATX and its product LPA are physiologically relevant negative regulators of brown fat adipogenesis and suggest that a decrease in peripheral brown adipose tissue results in increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity in mice.
2011-06-01 | GSE26442 | GEO
Project description:Autotaxin (ATX), encoded by ENPP2, catalyzes the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an important regulator within the tumor microenvironment (TME). ATX is a clinical target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet the pro-tumorigenic action of the ATX/LPA axis in PDAC remains unclear. PDAC is characterized by a highly fibrotic tumor microenvironment (TME) due to an abundance of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), acting as a barrier to therapy and contributing to the poor survival of PDAC patients. The mechanism by which ATX inhibition influences CAFs and their secretome is still not fully characterized. To identified potential downstream mediators of ATX signaling, we performed RNA-seq of pancreatic CAF-derived cell line 0082T treated with Autotaxin inhibitors, IOA-289 and PF-8380. PF-8380 treatment resulted in a higher number of differentially expressed genes compared to IOA-289 treatment. IOA-289 treatment resulted in only four significantly differentially expressed genes (CTGF, PLIN2, HHIP, and AHNAK). However, only PLIN2, which was upregulated and CTGF, which was downregulated, overlapped between the two ATX inhibitors. As CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) is a pro-fibrotic and pro-tumorigenic factor, it suggests a key role for CAF-derived ATX in promoting autocrine and paracrine pro-tumorigenic signaling in PDAC.
2024-10-06 | E-MTAB-14494 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Autotaxin (ATX) has been reported to act as a motility and growth factor in a variety of cancer cells. The ATX protein acts as a secreted lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) by converting lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which signals via G-protein coupled receptors and has important functions in cell migration and proliferation. The current study demonstrates that ATX expression is upregulated and functionally active in FLT3-ITD+ human blasts. ATX expression was also found in normal human CD34+ progenitor cells and selected myeloid and lymphoid subpopulations. Stable transduction of mutant FLT3-ITD increased ATX mRNA in selected cell lines, whereas inhibition of FLT3-ITD signaling by sublethal doses of PKC412 led to a significant down-regulation of ATX. Moreover, results indicate that the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is an important mediator between FLT3 signaling and ATX. In the presence of LPC, ATX expression led to a significant increase of proliferation. LPA caused proliferation of all tested cell lines, regardless of ATX expression and induced chemotaxis in human leukemic cell lines and human CD34+ progenitors. LPC increased chemotaxis, in cells with high expression of endogenous and exogenous ATX, by at least 80% demonstrating the autocrine effect of ATX expression. Inhibition of ATX using a small molecule inhibitor induced selective killing of ATX-expressing cell lines and reduced the motile phenotype observed in this cells. Our data suggest that the production of bioactive LPA through ATX is involved in controlling proliferation and migration during hematopoiesis and that deregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of AML. AML Classes: Molecular/cytogenetic group of acute myeloid leukemia, either internal tandem duplication (FLT3) or FLT3 point mutation (D835) or normal karyotype (NK) or t(8;21) transclocation (t821) or monosomy 7 (mono7) or inversion on chromosome 16 (inv16) or high leukocyte count normal karyotype (HL). FAB (French-American-British) Classification system for acute myeloid leukemia is provided for each sample.
2013-05-10 | E-MTAB-1169 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that dissipates stored energy as heat to maintain body temperature in infants and small mammals. This process may also provide protection from development of diet-induced obesity. We found that the bioactive lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) markedly decreases differentiation of cultured primary brown adipocyte precursors, while potent selective inhibitors of the LPA-generating enzyme autotaxin (ATX) promote differentiation. Transgenic mice overexpressing ATX exhibited reduced expression of BAT-related genes in peripheral white adipose tissue and accumulated significantly more fat than wild-type controls when fed a high fat diet. Our results indicate that ATX and its product LPA are physiologically relevant negative regulators of brown fat adipogenesis and suggest that a decrease in peripheral brown adipose tissue results in increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity in mice. Primary BAT cell cultures were established as previously reported with some minor modifications (Cannon B., 2001; Néchad M., 1983). Four- to 6-week-old mice were euthanized under aseptic conditions and interscapular BAT (IBAT) dissected, finely minced in digestion buffer containing 123 mM NaCl, 5mM HCl, 1.3 mM CaCl2, 5mM glucose, 1.5% (w/v) crude bovine serum albumin fraction V, 100 mM HEPES, 0.2% collagenase type II (Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, MO), pH 7.4, and digested in 10 ml of the same buffer for 30 min at 37°C. The supernatant obtained was then filtered using a 250 µm nylon mesh and kept in ice for 15 minutes to allow fat droplets and mature cells to float. The resulting infranatant was filtered through a 30 µm nylon mesh to enrich the fraction with precursor cells and centrifuged at 700g for 10 min. The pellet obtained was washed once in warm DMEM and resuspended in DMEM medium containing 10% newborn calf serum, 10 mM HEPES, 4mM glutamine, 25 µg/ml sodium ascorbate (Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, MO)., 100U/ml penicillin and 100mg/ml streptomycin. Cells were seeded onto 35mm dish plates. Insulin treatment was started on day 1 at 50 nM and the concentration increased to 100 nM at day 5 and 200 nM at day 7. Differentiated/confluent cells were collected for biochemical analysis (~day 9). To identify genes regulated by ATX and LPA signaling, 9 DIV primary BAT cultures were treated with the vehicle (DMSO), specific ATX inhibitor HA155 (2.5µM), or LPA (1-Oleoly-LPA, 5µM) (Avanti Polar Lipids, AL, USA) during differentiation. Treatment of the BAT cultures did not affect confluence or markers of proliferation. RNA was extracted from three cultures per condition using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) as described previously (Blalock EM., 2003).
2011-06-01 | E-GEOD-26442 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid enriched in highly immunosuppressive neoplasms like ovarian cancer (OvCa). While LPA is known to enhance the tumorigenic capacity of malignant cells, the immunomodulatory role of this phospholipid in cancer remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that LPA operates as a negative regulator of type-I interferon (IFN) responses in OvCa. Ablation of the LPAgenerating enzyme autotaxin in OvCa cells reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment, extended host survival, and improved the effects of therapies that elicit protective responses driven by type-I IFN. Mechanistically, LPA sensing by dendritic cells triggered PGE2 synthesis that suppressed type-I IFN signaling via autocrine EP4 engagement. Moreover, we identified an LPA-controlled, immune-derived gene signature associated with weak responses to combined PARP inhibition and PD-1 blockade in OvCa patients. Controlling LPA production or sensing in tumors may therefore be useful to improve cancer immunotherapies that rely on robust induction of type-I IFN.
2022-08-02 | GSE182062 | GEO
Project description:Interaction of mast cells (MCs) with fibroblasts is essential for MC maturation within tissue microenvironments, although the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Through a phenotypic screening of >30 mouse lines deficient in lipid-related genes, we found that deletion of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor LPA1, like that of the phospholipase PLA2G3, the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) synthase L-PGDS, or the PGD2 receptor DP1, impairs MC maturation and thereby anaphylaxis. Mechanistically, MC-secreted PLA2G3 acts on extracellular vesicles (EVs) to supply lysophospholipids, which are converted by fibroblast-derived autotaxin (ATX) to LPA. Fibroblast LPA1 then integrates multiple pathways required for MC maturation by facilitating integrin-mediated MC-fibroblast adhesion, IL-33-ST2 signaling, L-PGDS-driven PGD2 generation, and feedforward ATX-LPA1 amplification. Defective MC maturation resulting from PLA2G3 deficiency is restored by supplementation with LPA1 agonists or PLA2G3-modified EVs. Thus, the lipid-orchestrated paracrine circuit involving PLA2G3-driven lysophospholipid, eicosanoid, integrin, and cytokine signaling fine-tunes MC-fibroblast communication, ensuring MC maturation.
2024-11-12 | GSE262558 | GEO
Project description:Interaction of mast cells (MCs) with fibroblasts is essential for MC maturation within tissue microenvironments, although the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Through a phenotypic screening of >30 mouse lines deficient in lipid-related genes, we found that deletion of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor LPA1, like that of the phospholipase PLA2G3, the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) synthase L-PGDS, or the PGD2 receptor DP1, impairs MC maturation and thereby anaphylaxis. Mechanistically, MC-secreted PLA2G3 acts on extracellular vesicles (EVs) to supply lysophospholipids, which are converted by fibroblast-derived autotaxin (ATX) to LPA. Fibroblast LPA1 then integrates multiple pathways required for MC maturation by facilitating integrin-mediated MC-fibroblast adhesion, IL-33-ST2 signaling, L-PGDS-driven PGD2 generation, and feedforward ATX-LPA1 amplification. Defective MC maturation resulting from PLA2G3 deficiency is restored by supplementation with LPA1 agonists or PLA2G3-modified EVs. Thus, the lipid-orchestrated paracrine circuit involving PLA2G3-driven lysophospholipid, eicosanoid, integrin, and cytokine signaling fine-tunes MC-fibroblast communication, ensuring MC maturation.
2024-11-12 | GSE253356 | GEO
Project description:Interaction of mast cells (MCs) with fibroblasts is essential for MC maturation within tissue microenvironments, although the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Through a phenotypic screening of >30 mouse lines deficient in lipid-related genes, we found that deletion of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor LPA1, like that of the phospholipase PLA2G3, the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) synthase L-PGDS, or the PGD2 receptor DP1, impairs MC maturation and thereby anaphylaxis. Mechanistically, MC-secreted PLA2G3 acts on extracellular vesicles (EVs) to supply lysophospholipids, which are converted by fibroblast-derived autotaxin (ATX) to LPA. Fibroblast LPA1 then integrates multiple pathways required for MC maturation by facilitating integrin-mediated MC-fibroblast adhesion, IL-33-ST2 signaling, L-PGDS-driven PGD2 generation, and feedforward ATX-LPA1 amplification. Defective MC maturation resulting from PLA2G3 deficiency is restored by supplementation with LPA1 agonists or PLA2G3-modified EVs. Thus, the lipid-orchestrated paracrine circuit involving PLA2G3-driven lysophospholipid, eicosanoid, integrin, and cytokine signaling fine-tunes MC-fibroblast communication, ensuring MC maturation.
2024-11-12 | GSE253361 | GEO
Project description:As a simple lipid mediator, Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) exerts its function by binding to 6 GPCRs (LPAR1-6) on the cell membrane. Among the 6 LPA receptors, LPAR3 is highly expressed in mouse kidney, where it has only been found to play a harmful role in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and diabetic nephropathy. Our previous research and other researchers found the correlation between the ATX-LPA-LPAR axis and hypoxia-related biological processes. The kidney is one of the most susceptible organs to hypoxia. It is therefore interesting to identify the function of LPAR3 in hypoxic mice kidneys. In this study, the wild-type (WT) and Lpar3-/- mice were put into a normobaric hypoxic installation and RNA sequencing analysis showed that Lpar3-/- mice showed a significant decrease in hypoxia-induced EPO expression in the kidney compared with WT mice. The impaired EPO gene expression resulted in reduced plasma EPO levels and lower hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the reduced accumulation of HIF-2α caused by LPAR3 deficiency may be the reason for insufficient hypoxic renal EPO production. In in-vitro hypoxic cell models (Hep3B cells and HK2 cells), targeting LPAR3 can also regulate HIF-2α and EPO expression. KEGG analysis revealed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in the regulation of LPAR3 on HIF-2α-EPO, which was validated at the tissue level and cell level. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the murine renal LPAR3 promotes HIF-2α accumulation to maintain renal EPO production by activating the downstream PI3K/Akt pathway, ensuring the generation of red blood cells in mice and plays an important role in the body's adaptation to hypoxia.
2024-11-27 | GSE264135 | GEO