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Differences in Gene Expression Profiles between the chorion-attached and non-chorion-attached endometrium at the mid-gestation of female rabbit

ABSTRACT: The placenta, the complex of fetal membrane (the chorion is attached to the endometrium) and endometrium, is a highly specialized temporary organ responsible for the normal progression of pregnancy in mammals. Therefore, the endometrium was divided into two function regions: chorion-attached (CA) and non-chorion-attached (NCA) region. However, the difference in gene expression profiles between the CA and NCA endometrial tissue of mid-gestation still are unknown. The objective of this study was to reveal gene expressed profiles of the CA and NCA endometrium from the mid-gestational female rabbits, and to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to imply major physiological events of endometrial at mid-gestation. RNA-seq showed that a total of 12320 genes were co-expressed in the CA and NCA endometrium, and 646 DEGs were identified. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed the top overrepresented gene ontology (GO) term and pathways were related to immune regulation, cellular adhesions. Furthermore, the expression levels of DEGs related to immune regulation of chemokines and their receptors, extracellular matrix (ECM) and Integrin, were compared between the CA and NCA endometrium. Overall, there was hardly difference in the expression levels of immune regulation genes (chemokines and their receptors) between the CA and NCA endometrium, while the concentration of IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β in the CA endometrium was higher than that in the serum and the NCA endometrium, which suggested immune cytokines were accumulated in the endometrium of maternal-fetal interface. Meanwhile, the expression level of genes related to cellular adhesions (ECM-integrin) in the NCA endometrium was significantly higher than that in the CA endometrium, and high abundance of Integrin β and THBS1 were localized in the luminal epithelium of the NCA endometrium, but not in the CA endometrium. Conclusions: Our study revealed the gene expression profiles of the CA and the NCA endometrium at mid-gestation, and provides an implication of chemokine and ECM-Integrin involved in immune regulation and adhesive barrier at the endometrium.

ORGANISM(S): Oryctolagus cuniculus

PROVIDER: GSE152905 | GEO | 2020/06/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The female reproductive tract provides a unique environment for a successful pregnancy. It is imperative that the non-pregnant uterus be transformed into a capable environment for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. To achieve this, intimate cross-communication between the endometrium and the embryo is necessary at an early stage of life (Almiñana et al., 2012) a dialog which further influences subsequent fetal developmental potential (Fleming et al., 2004) and even post-natal performance. Initially, the trophoblast-derived estrogen is one of the most important embryonic signals to activate the maternal uterus for attachment (Pope & First 1985). Once the conceptus has established its position in the uterus (>d15), its development and growth also require many other maternal-embryonic cellular and molecular interactions to ensure substantial vascular changes in the endometrium and the chorioallantois, mainly development of capillaries under the lamina propriae, essential to provide full function to the pig epiteliochorial placenta required for a successful pregnancy. It is during the peri-attachment window between days 12-30 of gestation when most (20-30%) of the embryos produced in pig natural or artificial breeding die (reviewed by Edwards et al., 2012); embryonic death with a substantial impact on pig production efficiency, especially because it significantly limits litter size. Different studies have focused on the elucidation of the complex embryo-maternal communication network to reduce pregnancy loss. Among these, several studies examined gene expression during the peri-implantation stage, when the majority of embryonic losses occur, or have compared the transcriptomic profiles of pregnant and non- pregnant animals. Interestingly, these studies identified changes in the expression of genes that can -directly or indirectly- contribute to reproductive success such genes related to cell proliferation, hormone synthesis and metabolism, cell adhesion or those related to cytokine production and immune local response (Almiñana et al., 2012, Lin et al, 2015; Smolinska et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2020, Martinez et al., 2020, 2022). However, we should not forget that changes in gene expression do not always lead to a corresponding alteration in the expression of proteins, which are crucial components in all biological processes. The knowledge of the proteome is therefore equally relevant to gene expression changes, being able to help detecting both normal and abnormal physiological conditions. Proteome characterization can led to a better understanding of physiological processes and to identify proteins that may serve as potential biomarkers. To date, only a limited number of studies have unfortunately explored the protein expression profiles of the pig endometrium during the crucial period of maternal recognition of pregnancy, which occurs between day 9 and 13 (Jalali et al., 2015; Kaiser et al., 2006) or during mid/last-gestation, from 40 to 93 days of pregnancy (Chae et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2019). These studies have identified several proteins associated with endometrial function, which could play a role in maternal recognition and progression of pregnancy. Therefore, in order to fully understand the molecular interaction between the conceptus and its chorion with the endometrium, we have aimed to characterize the proteome profile of both, the non-pregnant (control) endometrium compared with that of the “pregnant”endometrium with present extraembryonic membranes between the 3rd and the 4th week period, when the major conceptus loss occurs.

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Differences in Gene Expression Profiles between the chorion-attached and non-chorion-attached endometrium at the mid-gestation of female rabbit

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