Single-Cell Transcriptional profiling of regenerated radiation proctitis by colonoids transplantation.
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE154014 | GEO | 2020/07/09
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The study was design to compare transcriptomic profiles of whole biopsies to enteroid/colonoid lines derived from them. In the accompanying publication, we observed substantial overlap of pathways upregulated in Crohn’s disease in enteroids and ileal biopsies, as well as colonoids and rectal biopsies. Our data support the use of patient enteroids and colonoids as critical translational tools for the study of inflammatory bowel disease.
2023-08-22 | GSE228122 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Children with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO IBD) present with more extensive, severe, and refractory disease than older children and adults with IBD. In the current study, we evaluated functional and transcriptomic differences in epithelial cells from patients with VEO and older onset IBD compared to controls. Design: We established enteroids and colonoid lines from patients with VEO and older onset IBD and control patients. We evaluated crypt conversion (initial growth efficiency) compared to histopathological and clinical parameters. We performed RNA-sequencing on colonoids followed by validation via qPCR and flow cytometry in additional patients and in colonoids after multiple passages. Results: Control enteroids and colonoids exhibited consistently high crypt conversion, whereas patients with VEO and older onset IBD exhibited decreased crypt conversion associated with higher inflammation scores. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of LYZ, reported previously in colonoids from adult patients with ulcerative colitis, as well as antigen presentation genes HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRA, which persisted after prolonged passaging as verified by flow cytometry. Conclusion: We present the first functional comparison of enteroids and colonoids from patients with VEO and older onset IBD, a subset of which exhibit poor initial growth. Enhanced and persistent expression of epithelial antigen presentation genes in patient colonoids supports the notion that epithelial cell-intrinsic differences may result from or contribute to disease. Analyses of colonoids from pediatric patients with IBD will contribute to a greater understanding of epithelial cell-autonomous defects in patients with VEO and older onset IBD and will be an important tool for understanding novel disease variants in the future.
2021-01-27 | GSE135170 | GEO
Project description:Background. Recent studies demonstrated that Aquamin®, a calcium-, magnesium-, and multiple trace element-rich natural product, improves barrier structure and function in colonoids obtained from the tissue of healthy subjects. The goal of the present study was to determine if the colonic barrier could be improved in tissue from subjects with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods. Colonoid cultures were established with colon biopsies from 9 individuals with UC. The colonoids were then incubated for a 2-week period under control conditions (i.e., in culture medium with a final calcium concentration of 0.25 mM) or in the same medium supplemented with Aquamin® to provide 1.5 – 4.5 mM calcium. Effects on differentiation and barrier improvement were determined using several approaches: phase-contrast & scanning electron microscopy, quantitative histology & immunohistology, mass spectrometry-based proteome assessment and transmission electron microscopy. Results. While there were no gross changes in colonoid appearance, there was evidence of increased differentiation (larger lumen diameter and wall thickness) and greater expression of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and lesser expression of Ki67 with the intervention. Aquamin®-treated colonoids demonstrated a modest up-regulation of tight junctional proteins but stronger induction of adherens junction proteins and desmosomal proteins. Increased desmosomes were seen at the ultrastructural level. Proteomic analysis also demonstrated increased expression of basement membrane proteins and hemidesmosomal components. Proteins expressed at the apical surface (mucins and trefoils) were also increased as were several additional proteins with anti-microbial activity or that modulate inflammation. Similarly, growth and cell cycle regulatory proteins (e.g., Ki67, nucleophosmin, and stathmin) were significantly down-regulated. Laminin interactions, fibronectin matrix formation and extracellular matrix organization were the top three up-regulated pathways with the intervention. Conclusion. A majority of individuals including patients with UC do not reach the recommended daily intake for calcium and other minerals. To the extent that such deficiencies might contribute to the weakening of the colonic barrier, the findings employing UC tissue-derived colonoids here suggest that adequate mineral intake might improve the colonic barrier
2020-12-17 | PXD020244 | Pride
Project description:The goal of this study was to evaluate the transcriptional response of human enteroids/colonoids on transwells to infections (bacterial and rotavirus). Enteroids/colonoids lines C103, C109, D103, D109, I103, I109, J2 and J11 were plated on transwells coated with Matrigel, differentiated, and inoculated (rotavirus (Ito), bacteria or mock) for 6 or 24 hours. Subsequently, total RNA was isolated and paired-end sequencing was performed.
2021-10-01 | GSE183222 | GEO
Project description:A patient-derived epithelium-only colon rectal organoid, also referred to as a colonoid, was generated from an adenoma (associated with a resection surgery of an invasive moderately differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma) as part of the development of an on-going organoid biobank at the Michigan Medicine Translational Tissue Modeling Laboratory (TTML, www.UmichTTML.org). The genomic variant signature of this adenoma colonoid was characterized using whole exome sequencing in order to access genomic concordance between the source patient tissue (adenoma and histologically normal tissue 10 cm from lesion) and the in vitro culture, as well as to access genomic stability of the culture over time at 2 and 6.5 months in culture.
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2023-08-01 | GSE185738 | GEO
Project description:Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging, with a series of available drugs each helping only a fraction of patients. Patients may face time-consuming drug trials while the disease is active, thus there is an unmet need for biomarkers and assays to predict drug effect. It is well known that the intestinal epithelium is an important factor in disease pathogenesis, exhibiting physical, biochemical and immunologic driven barrier dysfunctions. One promising test system to study effects of existing or emerging IBD treatments targeting intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is intestinal organoids (“mini-guts”). However, the fact that healthy intestinal epithelium is in a physiologically hypoxic state has largely been neglected, and studies with intestinal organoids are mainly performed at oxygen concentration of 20%. We hypothesized that lowering the incubator oxygen level from 20% to 2% would recapitulate better the in vivo physiological environment of colonic epithelial cells and enhance the translational value of intestinal organoids as a drug testing platform. In the present study we examine the effects of the key IBD cytokines and drug targets TNF/IL17 on human colonic organoids (colonoids) under atmospheric (20%) or reduced (2%) O2. We show that colonoids derived from both healthy controls and IBD-patients are viable and responsive to IBD-relevant cytokines at 2% oxygen. Because chemokine release is one of the important immunoregulatory traits of the epithelium that may be fine-tuned by IBD-drugs, we also examined chemokine expression and release at different oxygen concentrations. We show that chemokine responses to TNF/IL17 in organoids display similarities to inflamed epithelium in IBD-patients. However, inflammation-associated genes induced by TNF/IL17 were attenuated at low oxygen concentration. We detected substantial oxygen-dependent differences in gene expression in untreated as well as TNF/IL17 treated colonoids in all donors. Further, for some of the IBD-relevant cytokines differences between colonoids from healthy controls and IBD patients were more pronounced in 2% O2 than 20% O2. Our results strongly indicate that an oxygen concentration similar to the in vivo epithelial cell environment is of essence in experimental pharmacology.
2021-04-21 | GSE172404 | GEO
Project description:Chronic exposure to environmental toxins and heavy metals has been tenuously linked to intestinal inflammation, increased susceptibility to pathogen-induced diseases, and higher incidences of colorectal cancer, all of which have been steadily increasing in prevalence for the past 40 years. The negative effects of heavy metals on barrier permeability and inhibition of intestinal epithelial healing have been described; however, transcriptomic changes within the intestinal epithelial cells and impacts on lineage differentiation are largely unknown. Uranium exposure remains an important legacy environmental and physiological health concern, with hundreds of abandoned uranium mines located in the Southwestern United States largely impacting underserved indigenous communities. Human colonoids were used to define the molecular and cellular changes that occur in response to uranium bearing dust (UBD) exposure. Here, we use single cell RNA sequencing to characterize the molecular changes that occur to proliferative and differentiated intestinal epithelial cells exposed to UBD. We demonstrate that this environmental toxicant disrupts proliferation and induces hyperplastic differentiation of secretory lineage cells, specifically enteroendocrine cells (EEC). These cell types show increased differentiation into de novo EEC sub-types not found in control colonoids. These findings highlight the significance of epithelial differentiation as major colonic responses to heavy metal-induced injury.
2024-05-21 | GSE239584 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Cytokines produced by epithelial and immune cells can act upon one another to promote mucosal healing- a process that goes awry with chronic inflammation as in inflammatory bowel disease. TNFSF13 is a cytokine important for B cell function, but its role in epithelial cell behavior and contribution to inflammatory bowel disease is poorly understood. Design: We performed histological and functional assays, single cell transcriptomics, and imaging mass cytometry on tissue-derived colonoids or biopsies from a patient with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) harboring a novel TNFSF13 variant. To confirm causal, variant-driven phenotypes, parallel experiments were performed in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)- derived colon organoids engineered with the same TNFSF13 variant. Results: TNFSF13 variant colonoids exhibited reduced TNFSF13 expression associated with increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis, which was confirmed in iPSC-derived colon organoids. Single cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry defined FAS as the predominant colonic epithelial receptor for TNFSF13. TNFSF13 variant colon biopsies demonstrated a shift in tissue B cell populations consistent with altered differentiation of memory B cells. Finally, imaging mass cytometry revealed an increase in epithelial-associated B cells in TNFSF13 variant colon tissue sections compared to healthy and non-monogenic VEO-IBD controls. Conclusions: The current study defines a previously unknown role for the cytokine TNFSF13 as a regulator of colonic epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, this study suggests that variant TNFSF13 can contribute to aberrant epithelial- B cell crosstalk in the human colon.
2024-11-05 | GSE243443 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Cytokines produced by epithelial and immune cells can act upon one another to promote mucosal healing- a process that goes awry with chronic inflammation as in inflammatory bowel disease. TNFSF13 is a cytokine important for B cell function, but its role in epithelial cell behavior and contribution to inflammatory bowel disease is poorly understood. Design: We performed histological and functional assays, single cell transcriptomics, and imaging mass cytometry on tissue-derived colonoids or biopsies from a patient with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) harboring a novel TNFSF13 variant. To confirm causal, variant-driven phenotypes, parallel experiments were performed in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)- derived colon organoids engineered with the same TNFSF13 variant. Results: TNFSF13 variant colonoids exhibited reduced TNFSF13 expression associated with increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis, which was confirmed in iPSC-derived colon organoids. Single cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry defined FAS as the predominant colonic epithelial receptor for TNFSF13. TNFSF13 variant colon biopsies demonstrated a shift in tissue B cell populations consistent with altered differentiation of memory B cells. Finally, imaging mass cytometry revealed an increase in epithelial-associated B cells in TNFSF13 variant colon tissue sections compared to healthy and non-monogenic VEO-IBD controls. Conclusions: The current study defines a previously unknown role for the cytokine TNFSF13 as a regulator of colonic epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, this study suggests that variant TNFSF13 can contribute to aberrant epithelial- B cell crosstalk in the human colon.
2024-11-05 | GSE243444 | GEO