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Programmable RNA base editing with a single engineered protein

ABSTRACT: Programmable base editing of RNA enables rewriting the genetic codes on specific sites. Current tools for specific RNA editing dependent on the assembly or recruitment of the guide RNA into an RNA/protein complex, which may cause delivery barrier and low editing efficiency. Here we report a new set of tools, RNA editing with individual RNA-binding enzyme (REWIRE), to perform precise base editing with a single engineered protein. The REWIRE system contains a human-originated programmable RNA-binding domain (PUF domain) to specifically recognize target sequence and different deaminase domains to achieve A-to-I or C-to-U editing. By utilizing this system, we have achieved editing efficiencies up to 80% in A-to-I editing and 65% in C-to-U editing, with a few non-specific editing sites in the targeted region and a low level off-target effect globally. We applied the REWIREs to correct disease-associated mutations and modify mitochondrial RNAs, and further optimized the REWIREs to improve the editing efficiency and minimize off-target effects. As a single-component base editing system originated from human proteins, REWIRE presents a precise and efficient RNA-editing platform with broad applicability in basic research and gene therapy.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE155734 | GEO | 2022/09/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Programmable RNA base editing with a single engineered protein

Project description:Programmable base editing of RNA enables rewriting the genetic codes on specific sites. Current tools for specific RNA editing dependent on the assembly or recruitment of the guide RNA into an RNA/protein complex, which may cause delivery barrier and low editing efficiency. Here we report a new set of tools, RNA editing with individual RNA-binding enzyme (REWIRE), to perform precise base editing with a single engineered protein. The REWIRE system contains a human-originated programmable RNA-binding domain (PUF domain) to specifically recognize target sequence and different deaminase domains to achieve A-to-I or C-to-U editing. By utilizing this system, we have achieved editing efficiencies up to 80% in A-to-I editing and 65% in C-to-U editing, with a few non-specific editing sites in the targeted region and a low level off-target effect globally. We applied the REWIREs to correct disease-associated mutations and modify mitochondrial RNAs, and further optimized the REWIREs to improve the editing efficiency and minimize off-target effects. As a single-component base editing system originated from human proteins, REWIRE presents a precise and efficient RNA-editing platform with broad applicability in basic research and gene therapy.

| OEX003776 | NODE

Eliminating genome-wide and transcriptome-wide off-target mutations by base editor [tBE_target_genomic_seq]

Project description:Conjugation of CRISPR-Cas9 with cytidine deaminases leads to base editors (BEs) for programmable C-to-T editing, which holds potentials in clinical applications, but suffers from off-target (OT) mutations. By taking advantage of a cleavable deoxycytidine deaminase inhibitor (dCDI) domain, a transformer BE (tBE) system is developed to induce efficient editing with only background levels of genome-wide and transcriptome-wide OT mutations. After being produced, tBE remains inactive at OT sites with the fusion of a cleavable dCDI, thus eliminating unintended mutations. Only when binding at on-target sites, tBE is transformed to cleave off the dCDI domain and catalyzes targeted deamination for precise base changes. After delivery into mice via a dual-AAV system, tBE created a premature stop codon in Pcsk9 and significantly reduced serum PCSK9 level, which resulted in ~30-40% decrease of total cholesterol. Together, the development of tBE establishes a highly-precise base editing system and its in vivo efficacy envisions potential therapeutic applications.

2021-03-12 | GSE164837 | GEO

Eliminating genome-wide and transcriptome-wide off-target mutations by base editor

2021-03-12 | GSE164477 | GEO

Transcriptome-wide off-target RNA editing induced by CRISPR-guided DNA base editors [Modifications - validation]

Project description:Base Editing has been touted the most intelligent and precise application of the CRISPR platform so far, merging the simplicity of RNA-guided nucleases with deaminases that allow for the programmable generation of single base substitutions - without introduction of double-strand breaks. Even though the two-component system has been expected to cause off-target substitutions, studies involving cytosine base editors (CBEs) showed that in most cases, relatively few single base off-targets could be detected on DNA. We introduce the concept of multi-dimensional off-targeting, presenting an extensive amount of RNA cytidines being edited by DNA base editors. Epitranscriptomic off-target effects affected different cell lines and were independent of the guide RNAs used, suggesting Cas9-independent activity of the cytidine deaminase rAPOBEC1 on single-stranded RNA. With the help of protein engineering, we developed CBE variants with massively reduced inadvertent mutation of RNA that preserve and enhance DNA base editing capabilities.

2019-03-31 | GSE121667 | GEO

Transcriptome-wide off-target RNA editing induced by CRISPR-guided DNA base editors [Modifications - screen]

2019-03-31 | GSE121666 | GEO

Transcriptome-wide off-target RNA editing induced by CRISPR-guided DNA base editors [BaseEditors - RNA]

2019-03-31 | GSE121665 | GEO

Transcriptome-wide off-target RNA editing induced by CRISPR-guided DNA base editors [P2A-EGFP control]

2019-04-01 | GSE129131 | GEO

Transient in vivo base editing with no detectable RNA- and DNA off-target mutations

Project description:RNA-programmable deaminases, known as base editors (BEs), enable precise single base conversions on genomic DNA and hold great promise for therapeutic application in patients. Recent studies, however, have raised serious concern with regard to off-target effects, questioning translatability of BEs to the clinic. Here we analyze transcriptome- and genome-wide off-target effects following AAV-mediated delivery of cytosine base editors (CBEs) in vivo in an unbiased manner. We show that low expression of CBEs allows sufficient on-target editing to cure a disease phenotype with no increase in off-target effects compared to untreated controls. To further improve safety of in vivo base editing, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated delivery system to transiently express BEs. We reach up to 21% on-target editing with no detectable transcriptome- or genome-wide off-target effects, and are able to reverse the disease phenotype of a phenylketonuria mouse model. These results have important implications, underlining the feasibility of transient in vivo base editing for therapeutic use in patients.

2020-08-24 | GSE148349 | GEO

Zinc finger DNA-binding conditioned site-specific recombination

Project description:Programmable nucleases and designer-recombinases are prominent genome editing tools that hold great potential for the treatment of human genetic disorders. However, both of these tools alone are not optimal for clinical applications. We present an approach that combines the ease of targeting of programmable nucleases with editing safety and accuracy of site-specific recombinases. We find that insertional fusions of zinc-finger DNA-binding domains (ZFDs) into the coding sequence of designer-recombinases generate conditional enzymes that are inactive, unless the ZFD binds its target site placed in the vicinity of the recombinase binding site. This induced-fit activity is transferable to a recombinase with relaxed specificity, representing the prototype of a new class of genome editing enzymes that opens exciting perspectives for flexible, seamless, and precise genome surgery.

2023-12-19 | GSE243676 | GEO

Project description:Base editing for improved tools

| PRJNA503988 | ENA

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