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Gene expression analysis of dissociated and FDG FACS-sorted mammary glands of 16 week old nulliparous AXL +/LacZ and AXL LacZ/LacZ mice (B6.129P2-AXLtm1Dgen strain, Jackson Labs)

ABSTRACT: The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is associated with epithelial plasticity in several solid tumors including breast cancer and AXL-targeting agents are currently in clinical trials. We hypothesized that AXL is a driver of stemness traits in cancer by co-option of a regulatory function normally reserved for stem cells. AXL-expressing cells in human mammary epithelial ducts co-expressed markers associated with multipotency, and AXL inhibition abolished colony-formation and self-maintenance activities while promoting terminal differentiation in vitro. Axl-null mice did not exhibit a strong developmental phenotype, but enrichment of Axl+ cells was required for mouse mammary gland reconstitution upon transplantation, and Axl-null mice had reduced incidence of Wnt1-driven mammary tumors. An AXL-dependent gene signature is a feature of transcriptomes in basal breast cancers, and reduced patient survival irrespective of subtype. Our interpretation is that AXL regulates access to epithelial plasticity programs in MaSCs and, when coopted, maintains acquired stemness in breast cancer cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE156662 | GEO | 2020/08/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Gene expression analysis of dissociated and FDG FACS-sorted mammary glands of 16 week old nulliparous AXL +/LacZ and AXL LacZ/LacZ mice (B6.129P2-AXLtm1Dgen strain, Jackson Labs)

Project description:Gene expression analysis of dissociated and FDG FACS-sorted mammary glands of 16 week old nulliparous AXL +/LacZ and AXL LacZ/LacZ mice (B6.129P2-AXLtm1Dgen strain, Jackson Labs)

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Project description:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in tumor initiation, metastasis and drug resistance, and are considered as attractive targets for cancer therapy. We identified a clinically relevant signaling nexus mediated by PYK2 and its impact on stemness in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). PYK2 depletion in multiple mesenchymal TNBC cell lines markedly reduced the expression of PKCα and AXL proteins and reduced the number of mammosphere-forming cells and cells harboring CSCs characteristic markers. PYK2 and PKCα cooperate at a convergence point of multiple stemness-inducing pathways to regulate AXL levels and concomitantly the levels/activation of key transcription factors implicated in stemness including STAT3, TAZ, FRA1 and SMAD3 as well as the pluripotent transcription factors Nanog and Oct4, and in-turn affect their target genes. Targeting the AXL-PYK2-PKCα circuit could be a promising strategy to eliminate CSCs in TNBC and possibly overcome drug resistance.

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Compare transcriptional profile of AXL knockdown cell and AXL wild type cell

Project description:We report the comparative investigation of gene expression profiles between genetic inactivation AXL cell and AXL wild type cells in two independent We found a list of AXL signaling target genes that are important for tumor invasion and angiogenesis.

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Axl mediates acquired resistance of head and neck cancer cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib

Project description:Elevated expression and activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with development and progression of head and neck cancer (HNC) and a poor prognosis. Clinical trials with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; eg. erlotinib) have been disappointing in HNC. To investigate the mechanisms mediating resistance to these agents, we developed a HNC cell line (HN5-ER) with acquired erlotinib resistance. In contrast to parental HN5 HNC cells, HN5-ER cells exhibited an epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT) phenotype with increased migratory potential, reduced E-cadherin and epithelial-associated miRNAs, and elevated vimentin expression. Phosphorylated RTK profiling identified Axl activation in HN5-ER cells. Growth and migration of HN5-ER cells was blocked with a specific Axl inhibitor, R428, and R428 re-sensitized HN5-ER cells to erlotinib. Microarray analysis of HN5-ER cells confirmed the EMT phenotype associated with acquired erlotinib resistance, and identified activation of gene expression associated with cell migration and inflammation pathways. Moreover, increased expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in HN5-ER cells suggested a role for inflammatory cytokine signaling in EMT and erlotinib resistance. Expression of the tumor suppressor miR-34a was reduced in HN5-ER cells and increasing its expression abrogated Axl expression and reversed erlotinib resistance. Finally, analysis of 302 HNC patients revealed that high tumor Axl mRNA expression was associated with poorer survival (HR 1.66, p=0.007). In summary, our results identify Axl as a key mediator of acquired erlotinib resistance in HNC and suggest that therapeutic inhibition of Axl by small molecule drugs or specific miRNAs might overcome anti-EGFR therapy resistance. Differential gene expression between parental and acquired erlotinib resistant head and neck cancer cell lines of HN5.

2013-08-10 | E-GEOD-49135 | biostudies-arrayexpress

AXL-TBK1 driven AKT3 activation promotes metastasis

Project description:The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL promotes tumor progression, metastasis and therapy resistance through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we report that activation of AXL results in TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) phosphorylation, subsequent TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of AKT3 (pAKT3) and nuclear accumulation of pAKT3 and the EMT transcription factor (EMT-TF) Snail. Mechanistically, we show that (i) TBK1 directly binds and phosphorylates AKT3, in an mTORC1 dependent manner. Once activated, AKT3 interacts with Snail and promotes the accumulation of nuclear Snail to drive EMT. Congruently, in human pancreatic ductaladenocarcinoma tissue, nuclear AKT3 co-localizes with Snail and correlates with worse clinical outcome. AKT3 knockout in tumor cells significantly reduced metastatic spread in mice suggesting that selective AKT3 inhibition represents a novel therapeutic avenue for targeting EMT in aggressive cancers.

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Effect of metformin on gene expression in mammary tissues in association with epithelial cell reprogramming in FVB/N mouse model

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