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Multitissue transcriptomic profiling during onset of salmon maturation

ABSTRACT: We sequenced mRNA from four biological replicates of each tissue before (T1) and after the onset of maturation (T2, T3, T4). A total of 3.2 billion paired-end reads were mapped against the Atlantic salmon reference genome with 72% mapping efficiency to create an average depth of 50 million reads per library. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased with elapsed time following the onset of the long light photoperiod for the two BPG axis tissues (pituitary and ovary). Of these, the ovary underwent the most dramatic remodelling over time with 403, 1,709 and then 3,497 DEGs observed at timepoints T2, T3 and T4 respectively. This increasing trajectory of differential ngene expression, coupled with the elevated GSI following the light stimuli, strongly suggests the experimental approach successfully initiated the onset of maturation. Next, we identified clusters of DEGs in each of the analysed tissues, which describe their physiological roles. The identity of the DEGs, in response to the onset of maturation, revealed the key players involved in the earliest triggers into maturation. Among these, upregulation of genes encoding specififc pituitary hormones such as gonadotropins along with genes encoding transcription factors (such as GATA2) are significant in controlling onset of maturation. In addition, genes encoding pituitary hormone receptors and follicular development were upregulated in ovary.

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar

PROVIDER: GSE157001 | GEO | 2020/08/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Thyroxine (T4) is generally considered to be a pro-hormone that requires conversion to 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3) to exert biological activity. Although evidence suggests that T4 has intrinsic activity, it is questionable if this activity has any physiological relevance. Methods: To answer this question, triple KO mice (Triples) that cannot express the types 1 (D1) and 2 (D2) deiodinase and the Pax8 genes were generated. Thus they lack a thyroid and cannot convert T4 to T3. Triples were injected on alternate days with either vehicle or physiological doses of T4, T3 or T3+T4 from postnatal days 2 to 14. They were euthanized at P15 and RNA-seq was employed to profile gene expression in liver. In another experiment, Pax8KO mice were injected with T3, T4 or T4 +T3, and growth rate and survival to P84 were determined. Results: The growth retardation of Triples was not improved by either T3 or T4 alone but was significantly improved by T4+T3. In liver, T4 significantly regulated the expression of genes that were also regulated by T3, but the proportion of genes that were negatively regulated was higher in mice treated with T4 than with T3. Treatment with T4+T3 identified genes that were regulated synergistically by T3 and T4, and genes that were regulated only by T4+T3. Analysis of these genes revealed enrichment in mechanisms related to cell proliferation and cholesterol physiology, suggesting a unique contribution of T4 to these biological functions. Pax8KO mice all survived to P84 when injected with T4 or T4+T3 but survival rate with T3 was 50% and 10% at 3.5 and 12 weeks of life, respectively. Conclusion: T4 has intrinsic activity in vivo and is critical for survival and growth. At a physiological level, T4 per se can up- or down-regulate many T3 target genes in the neonatal liver. While most of these genes are also regulated by T3, subsets respond exclusively to T4 or demonstrate enhanced or normalized expression only in the presence of both hormones. These studies demonstrate for the first time a complex dependency on both T4 and T3 for normal mammalian growth and development.

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Multitissue transcriptomic profiling during onset of salmon maturation

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