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Targeting KDM4B to disrupt the core regulatory transcription network governed by PAX3-FOXO1 in high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma [ChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: Chimeric transcription factors drive lineage-specific oncogenesis but are notoriously difficult to target. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive childhood soft tissue sarcoma, mainly driven by the pathognomonic PAX3–FOXO1, which governs a core regulatory circuitry transcription factor (CRC TF) network. Here we show that the histone lysine demethylase KDM4B is a therapeutic vulnerability to the PAX3–FOXO1+ RMS. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of KDM4B significantly delays tumor growth, disrupting the expression of CRC TFs in accordance with the alterations of PAX3–FOXO1-determining super enhancers. Combination of KDM4B inhibitor with cytotoxic chemotherapy leads to significant tumor regression in preclinical PAX3–FOXO1+ RMS models. In summary, we have identified a targetable epigenetic modifier required for the functions of PAX3–FOXO1, which may translate to a novel therapeutic approach for the high-risk RMS.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE157094 | GEO | 2022/09/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Targeting KDM4B to disrupt the core regulatory transcription network governed by PAX3-FOXO1 in high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma [CUT&RUN]

Project description:Chimeric transcription factors drive lineage-specific oncogenesis but are notoriously difficult to target. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive childhood soft tissue sarcoma, mainly driven by the pathognomonic PAX3–FOXO1, which governs a core regulatory circuitry transcription factor (CRC TF) network. Here we show that the histone lysine demethylase KDM4B is a therapeutic vulnerability to the PAX3–FOXO1+ RMS. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of KDM4B significantly delays tumor growth, disrupting the expression of CRC TFs in accordance with the alterations of PAX3–FOXO1-determining super enhancers. Combination of KDM4B inhibitor with cytotoxic chemotherapy leads to significant tumor regression in preclinical PAX3–FOXO1+ RMS models. In summary, we have identified a targetable epigenetic modifier required for the functions of PAX3–FOXO1, which may translate to a novel therapeutic approach for the high-risk RMS.

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Piperacetazine directly binds to the PAX3::FOXO1 fusion protein and inhibits its transcriptional activity

Project description:The tumor-specific chromosomal translocation product, PAX3::FOXO1, is an aberrant fusion protein that plays a key role for oncogenesis in the alveolar subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). PAX3::FOXO1 represents a validated molecular target for alveolar RMS and successful inhibition of its oncogenic activity is likely to have significant clinical applications. Even though several PAX3::FOXO1 function-based screening studies have been successfully completed, a directly binding small molecule inhibitor of PAX3::FOXO1 has not been reported. Therefore, we screened small molecule libraries to identify compounds that were capable of directly binding to PAX3::FOXO1 protein using surface plasmon resonance technology. Compounds that directly bound to PAX3::FOXO1 were further evaluated in secondary transcriptional activation assays. We discovered that piperacetazine can directly bind to PAX3::FOXO1 protein and inhibit fusion protein-derived transcription in multiple alveolar RMS cell lines. Piperacetazine inhibited anchorage-independent growth of fusion positive alveolar RMS cells but not embryonal RMS cells. Based on our findings, piperacetazine is a molecular scaffold upon which derivatives could be developed as specific inhibitors of PAX3::FOXO1. These novel inhibitors could potentially be evaluated in future clinical trials for recurrent or metastatic alveolar RMS as novel targeted therapy options.

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