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ScRNAseq analysis of mouse L4 whole dorsal root ganglions following sciatic nerve cush, dorsal root crush and spinal cord injury

ABSTRACT: After an injury in the adult mammalian central nervous system, lesioned axons fail to regenerate. This failure to regenerate contrasts with the remarkable potential of axons to grow following an injury in the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral sensory neurons with cell soma in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) switch to a regenerative state after nerve injury to enable axon regeneration and functional recovery. Decades of research have focused on the signaling pathways elicited by injury in sensory neurons and in Schwann cells that insulate axons as central mechanisms regulating nerve repair. However, neuronal microenvironment is far more complex and is composed of multiple cell types including endothelial, immune and glial cells. Whether the microenvironment surrounding neuronal soma contribute to the poor regenerative outcomes following central injuries remains largely unexplored. To answer this question, we performed a single cell transcriptional profiling of the DRG neuronal microenvironment response to peripheral and central injuries. In dissecting the roles of the microenvironment contribution, we have focused on a poorly studied glia population of Satellite Glial Cells (SGC) surrounding the neuronal cell soma. Upon a peripheral injury, SGC contribute to axon regeneration via Fatty acid synthase (Fasn)-PPARα signaling pathway. Our analysis reveals that in response to central injuries, SGC do not activate the PPAR signaling pathway. However, induction of this pathway with fenofibrate, an FDA- approved PPARα agonist used for dyslipidemia treatment, rescued axon regeneration following an injury to the central nerves. Collectively, our results uncovered a previously unappreciated role of the neuronal microenvironment differential response in central and peripheral injuries.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE158892 | GEO | 2021/09/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The subcellular localization of specific mRNAs is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that underlies the establishment of cellular polarity and specialized cell functions. In neurons, mRNA trafficking and local protein translation in dendrites provides an important mechanism that mediates synaptic development and plasticity. The significance of mRNA targeting and protein synthesis in axons, however, is still unclear. Only a small number of transcripts have been identified in axons to date, and their contribution to axon growth and neuronal survival remains largely unknown. Here, we report the results of a novel screen that allowed the separate identification of mRNAs localized in cell bodies and in axons of developing neurons. Using compartmentalized cultures of sympathetic neurons and Sequential Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), the screen identified more than 200 axonal mRNAs, including ones that encode cytoskeletal proteins and proteins that function in neural development and signal transduction. Importantly, several classes of transcripts were selectively enriched in axons, indicating that an active process drives the targeting of specific mRNAs from the cell bodies to the axons. This study is the first comprehensive and unbiased analysis of mRNA localization in subcellular domains of any neuronal cell type. We used compartmentalized chambers to culture neonatal rat sympathetic neurons (Campenot, 1977). In these cultures, the cell bodies are separated from the distal axons by a 1 mm wide Teflon divider, which maintains the cell bodies and axon terminals in separate fluid compartments. Primary rat sympathetic neurons are especially suitable for compartmentalized culture because they can be grown as a highly homogeneous population without glial cells. Neurons were seeded in the central compartment with nerve growth factor (NGF), and after a few days, the NGF was lowered in this compartment and supplied only to the peripheral compartment to stimulate axon growth. The anti-mitotic agent cytosine arabinoside C (Ara-C) was added to both compartments to remove non-neuronal cells. mRNA was then isolated after 12 days in culture (DIV) from cell body or axon compartments. As the initial mRNA content in axons was not sufficient to perform the SAGE analysis, both axon and cell body mRNAs were subjected to two rounds of linear amplification to obtain antisense RNA (aRNA). The amplified aRNA was then reverse transcribed and second strand synthesis was performed to proceed with the SAGE assay using the LongSAGE kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

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ScRNAseq analysis of mouse L4 whole dorsal root ganglions following sciatic nerve cush, dorsal root crush and spinal cord injury

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