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Single cell mRNA-Seq of developing stem-borne roots in tomato

ABSTRACT: Plants adjust their growth in response to environmental cues by forming new organs in different development contexts. Underground lateral roots initiate from prepatterned cells in the main root, but cells can also bypass the root/shoot trajectory separation and generate shoot-borne-roots through an unknown mechanism. Here, we mapped tomato (Solanum lycoperiscum) shoot-borne-roots development at single-cell resolution and show that they initiate from differentiated phloem-associated cells via a unique transitional stem-cell-like state. This state required the activity of a transcription factor which we named SHOOTBORNE ROOTLESS (SBRL), a function that was deeply conserved in angiosperms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SBRL arose in angiosperms as an ancient duplicated superlocus with its paralogs showing root-type-specific transient expression in wound-induced and lateral root initiation. Mutants in all SBRL-like genes completely lost post-embryonic roots. We propose that the activation of a common transition state by context-specific regulators underlies the plasticity of plant root systems.

ORGANISM(S): Solanum lycopersicum

PROVIDER: GSE159055 | GEO | 2022/03/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Maize (Zea mays L.) and other monocot cereals develop extensive shoot-borne root systems from nodal structures of the shoot to secure water and nutrient uptake and provide anchorage in the soil. In the present study, the early stages of coleoptilar node (first shoot-node) development of maize were subjected to a detailed morphological and histological analysis followed by a comprehensive microarray profiling via 105 k oligonucleotide microarrays. Expression profiling identified 1,179 microarray features corresponding to 974 unique transcripts which were differentially expressed between three stages of wild-type B73 coleoptilar node development within the first four days after the initiation of this structure. Significantly, all but one of these microarray features were preferentially expressed at day four compared to day zero of coleoptilar node formation. Moreover, comparative microarray profiling of wild-type versus mutant rtcs coleoptilar nodes which do not initiate shoot-borne roots revealed 958 microarray features corresponding to 828 unique transcripts that were expressed in a RTCS dependent fashion. Differential gene expression during wild-type coleoptilar node development and between wild-type and rtcs coleoptilar nodes was confirmed for a subset of 24 genes by qRT-PCR. In order to identify direct downstream targets of RTCS in silico promoter analyses revealed 191 differentially expressed genes that contained at least one LBD motif in a 1 kb promoter region upstream of the ATG start codon. For six promoter sequences containing LBD motives EMSA experiments demonstrated RTCS binding, hence supporting the notion that differentially accumulated genes containing LBD motifs are direct downstream targets of RTCS. The complex RTCS dependent regulation of coleoptilar node development and crown root formation was illustrated by a wide variety of cellular functions represented by the differentially accumulated genes and in particular by the differentially accumulated genes containing LBD promoter motifs. 24 samples in total: 3 developmental stages (0, 2, 4) * 2 genotypes (WT, rtcs) * 4 biological replicates

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Single cell mRNA-Seq of developing stem-borne roots in tomato

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