Epigenomes of clonal palms with different fruit phenotypes.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Elaeis guineensis
PROVIDER: GSE159142 | GEO | 2021/01/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Leaf tissue was sampled from clonal palms producing normal and mantled fruits. RNAseq libraries were generated and sequenced on Illumina platform. Differential expression analysis was carried out between the normal and mantled groups of palms.
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Project description:Epigenomes of clonal palms with different fruit phenotypes.
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Project description:The oil palm fruit abnormality, mantled, is a somaclonal variant arising from tissue culture that drastically reduces yield, and has largely halted efforts to clone elite hybrids for breeding and oil production. Widely regarded as epigenetic, mantling had defied explanation, and has become an icon of unsustainability in environmentally sensitive tropical plantation crops. We identified the MANTLED gene using Epigenome Wide Association analysis of genetically identical palms from multiple clonal lineages. Hypomethylation of a LINE retrotransposon related to rice Karma, found in the intron of the homeotic gene DEFICIENS, is common to all mantled clones and is correlated with alternative splicing and loss of small RNA. DNA methylation is regained in spontaneous revertants accounting for non-Medelian inheritance of the Good Karma and Bad Karma epialleles. Thus epigenetic regulation of transposable elements results in somaclonal variation and provides a means to cull mantled nursery palms before committing limiting plantation resources to clonal propagation. DNA methylation profiling was performed using the McrBC DNA methylation dependent fractionation and microarray hybridization method as described in Lippman, Z., Gendrel, A. V., Colot, V. & Martienssen, R. Profiling DNA methylation patterns using genomic tiling microarrays. Nat Methods 2, 219-224 (2005). DNA methylation profiling was performed on 54 parthenocarpic mantled ramet, 43 normal ramet and 1 ortet adult leaf samples. For each sample, two independent fractionations of total genomic DNA and DNA methylation-depleted DNA were performed. Each total DNA/methylation-depleted DNA pair was differentially labeled and hydrized to a custon Nimblegen microarray in a dye-swapped design (4 array hybridizations per sample).
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Project description:The oil palm fruit abnormality, mantled, is a somaclonal variant arising from tissue culture that drastically reduces yield, and has largely halted efforts to clone elite hybrids for breeding and oil production. Widely regarded as epigenetic, mantling had defied explanation, and has become an icon of unsustainability in environmentally sensitive tropical plantation crops. We identified the MANTLED gene using Epigenome Wide Association analysis of genetically identical palms from multiple clonal lineages. Hypomethylation of a LINE retrotransposon related to rice Karma, found in the intron of the homeotic gene DEFICIENS, is common to all mantled clones and is correlated with alternative splicing and loss of small RNA. DNA methylation is regained in spontaneous revertants accounting for non-Medelian inheritance of the Good Karma and Bad Karma epialleles. Thus epigenetic regulation of transposable elements results in somaclonal variation and provides a means to cull mantled nursery palms before committing limiting plantation resources to clonal propagation. DNA methylation profiling was performed using the McrBC DNA methylation dependent fractionation and microarray hybridization method as described in Lippman, Z., Gendrel, A. V., Colot, V. & Martienssen, R. Profiling DNA methylation patterns using genomic tiling microarrays. Nat Methods 2, 219-224 (2005).
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Project description:Phenotypes of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) high pigment-2dg (hp-2dg) mutant are caused by a mutation in the gene encoding DEETIOLATED1, a negative regulator of light signaling. Homozygous hp-2dg plants display a plethora of distinctive developmental and metabolic phenotypes in comparison to their normal isogenic counterparts. This mutant is however best known for the increased levels of lycopene and other plastid-accumulating functional metabolites. In this study we analyzed the transcriptional alterations in mature-green, breaker and early-red fruits of hp-2dg/hp-2dg plants in relation to their normal counterparts using microarray technology. Results show that a large portion of the genes that are affected by hp-2dg mutation, display a tendency for up- rather than down-regulation. Ontology assignment of these differentially regulated transcripts, revealed a consistent upregulation of those related to chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis in hp-2dg mutants throughout fruit ripening. A tendency of upregulation was also observed in structural genes involved in phytonutrient biosynthesis. However, this upregulation was not as consistent, positioning plastid biogenesis as an important determinant of phytonutrient overproduction in hp-2dg mutant fruits. Microscopic observations revealed a highly significant increase in chloroplasts size and number in pericarp cells of mature-green hp-2dg/hp-2dg fruits in comparison to their normal counterparts. This increase could be observed from early stages of fruit development. Therefore, the molecular trigger that drives phytonutrient overproduction in hp-2dg mutant fruits should be initially traced at early stages of fruit development. Keywords: Comparative Transcriptional Profiling of tomato fruit pericarp tissue
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