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The JAK2-STAT pathway epigenetically regulates tolerized genes during the first encounter to bacterial antigens [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Microbial challenges, such as widespread bacterial infection, induce endotoxin tolerance. This state of hypo-responsiveness to subsequent infections is mainly displayed by monocytes and macrophages. Endotoxin tolerance is generally acquired following a septic episode. In this study, we investigated DNA methylation changes during the acquisition of in vitro tolerance. We identified a set of TET2-mediated demethylation events that are specific to toll like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 stimulation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific demethylation occurs at genomic sites that have low accessibility in quiescent monocytes, concomitantly with the transcriptional activation of many inflammation-related genes, and they are enriched in binding motifs for several signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family members. Indeed, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5, elements of the JAK2 pathway, are phosphorylated in association with the acquisition of endotoxin tolerance. Inhibition of the JAK2 pathway impairs the activation of tolerized genes at the first encounter with LPS. This supports a crucial role of this pathway in determining the initial response of these genes to bacterial antigens and provides a pharmacological target to prevent exacerbated responses, allowing regulated responses upon subsequent challenges. Finally, we prove the pathological relevance of the JAK2 pathway in monocytes from patients with sepsis.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE159249 | GEO | 2021/11/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The JAK2-STAT pathway epigenetically regulates tolerized genes during the first encounter to bacterial antigens [array]

Project description:Microbial challenges, such as widespread bacterial infection, induce endotoxin tolerance. This state of hypo-responsiveness to subsequent infections is mainly displayed by monocytes and macrophages. Endotoxin tolerance is generally acquired following a septic episode. In this study, we investigated DNA methylation changes during the acquisition of in vitro tolerance. We identified a set of TET2-mediated demethylation events that are specific to toll like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 stimulation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific demethylation occurs at genomic sites that have low accessibility in quiescent monocytes, concomitantly with the transcriptional activation of many inflammation-related genes, and they are enriched in binding motifs for several signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family members. Indeed, STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5, elements of the JAK2 pathway, are phosphorylated in association with the acquisition of endotoxin tolerance. Inhibition of the JAK2 pathway impairs the activation of tolerized genes at the first encounter with LPS. This supports a crucial role of this pathway in determining the initial response of these genes to bacterial antigens and provides a pharmacological target to prevent exacerbated responses, allowing regulated responses upon subsequent challenges. Finally, we prove the pathological relevance of the JAK2 pathway in monocytes from patients with sepsis.

2021-11-23 | GSE159227 | GEO

Staphylococcus aureus Mediated Tolerance Induction in Human Monocytes is accompanied with Specific Alterations in Membrane Receptor Expression

Project description:Exposure of human monocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) induces a temporary insensitivity to subsequent LPS challenges, a cellular state called endotoxin tolerance (ET). The tolerant state of monocytes is accompanied by cell surface and other glycoprotein expression changes induced by the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we aimed to characterize the cellular state of human monocytes stimulated with Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and TLR2 ligands. We analyzed gene expression changes induced by S. aureus after 2 and 24 hours by amplicon sequencing (RNA-AmpliSeq) and compared the pro-inflammatory response after 2 hours of stimulation to the to the response in re-stimulation experiments after the first stimulus. In parallel, glycoprotein expression changes in human monocytes after 24 hours of S. aureus stimulation were analyzed by proteomics and compared to stimulation experiments with TLR2 ligands Malp-2 and Pam3Cys and TLR4 ligand LPS. The results demonstrate that monocytes stimulated with S. aureus and TLR ligands entered the tolerant cell state after activation. Compared to TLR agonist mediated activation and tolerization of monocytes, glycoprotein expression changes induced by S. aureus stimulation revealed significant differences in receptor expression profiles. We report a glycoprotein expression profile characteristic for PAMP and S. aureus tolerized human monocytes. Finally, we analyzed peripheral blood monocytes of patients with S. aureus bloodstream infection for inflammatory responses in vitro and for their glycoprotein expression profiles. RNA-AmpliSeq data from patient-derived monocytes demonstrated that the cells were pro-inflammatory responsive to S. aureus stimulation and expressed higher level of CD44 mRNA, while other markers of the tolerant cell state were not detected.

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2009-03-13 | E-GEOD-15219 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Morphine induced sepsis is mediated by abrogation of endotoxin tolerance through modulation of miR-146a, but not miR-155.

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Genome-wide gene expression analysis during endotoxin tolerance in PBMCs.

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