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A comprehensive library of human transcription factors for cell fate engineering (Lentiviral Screen CRTD5)

ABSTRACT: Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cells offer an unprecedented opportunity to model diverse human tissue functions. However, the field lacks a generalized approach to rapidly and efficiently generate individual cell types of interest and to incorporate them into complex but defined tissues. To systematically explore the transcription factor (TF)-mediated hPSC programming landscape, we constructed the Human TFome: a comprehensive human TF library containing 1,564 TF (1,732 splice-isoforms). We discovered 241 previously unreported factors that individually converted hPSCs into diverse lineages with up to 99% efficiency in four days without alteration of external factors. Among these, we programmed neurons, fibroblasts, oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells that have molecular, transcriptomic and functional similarity to primary cells. Splice-isoform-specificity doubled endothelial conversion efficiency into in vivo-functional cells. Our cell-autonomous approach enabled parallel and orthogonal hPSCs programming into multiple cell types simultaneously without altering any microenvironmental cues. We generated in vivo-engraftable induced oligodendrocytes that expedited myelination within synthetically accelerated cerebral organoids.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE159781 | GEO | 2020/10/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Human pancreatic stellate cells (HPSCs) are an essential stromal component and are the mediators of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles released from stellate cells adjacent to the PDAC. sEVs are believed to play a key role in cell-cell communications and may play a critical role in disease progression. The role of membrane proteins of HPSC sEVs in the PDAC tumor microenvironment is unclear and to date, there has not been a quantitative proteomic comparison of sEVs from normal pancreatic stellate cells (HPaStec) and from PDAC-associated stellate cells (HPSCs). We hypothesized there would be differences in sEVs secretion and membrane protein expression between the 2 conditions that might contribute to PDAC biology. To test these hypotheses, we isolated sEVs using ultracentrifugation followed by characterization by electron microscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. HPSCs secreted more sEVs compared to HPaStec, and these sEVs were enriched with exosomal markers, which was confirmed by Western blotting and flow cytometry. HPSC-sEVs also restore the activation of normal stellate cells. Next, we showed that intact membrane-associated proteins may be essential for sufficient uptake of stellate cell sEVs by both normal epithelial and cancer cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that stellate cells in general modulate the cellular proliferations of pancreatic cancer cells although stellate cell sEVs did not change the proliferation of cancer cells. We then compared sEV proteins isolated from HPSCs and HPaStecs cells using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Most of the 1,481 protein groups identified were shared with the exosome database, ExoCarta (http://exocarta.org/; curated by the Mathivanan Lab). Eighty-seven protein groups were differentially expressed (selected by 2-fold difference and adjusted P value ≤ 0.05) between HPSC and HPaStec sEVs. HPSC sEVs contained dramatically more CSE1L, a poor prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, our findings using mass spectrometry–based proteomics may direct further studies to understand the biology and role of protein composition of HPSC sEVs in PDAC progression or to develop novel strategies based on delivery of exosome cargo to PDAC tumor cells.

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A comprehensive library of human transcription factors for cell fate engineering (Lentiviral Screen CRTD5)

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