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Project description:Reversible modification of proteins with linkage-specific ubiquitin chains is critical for intracellular signaling. Information on physiological roles and underlying mechanisms of particular ubiquitin linkages during human development are limited. Here, relying on genomic constraint scores, we identify 10 patients with multiple congenital anomalies caused by hemizygous variants in OTUD5, encoding a K48/K63 linkage-specific deubiquitylase. By studying these mutations, we find that OTUD5 controls neuroectodermal differentiation through cleaving K48-linked ubiquitin chains to counteract degradation of select chromatin regulators (e.g., ARID1A/B, histone deacetylase 2, and HCF1), mutations of which underlie diseases that exhibit phenotypic overlap with OTUD5 patients. Loss of OTUD5 during differentiation leads to less accessible chromatin at neuroectodermal enhancers and aberrant gene expression. Our study describes a previously unidentified disorder we name LINKED (LINKage-specific deubiquitylation deficiency-induced Embryonic Defects) syndrome and reveals linkage-specific ubiquitin cleavage from chromatin remodelers as an essential signaling mode that coordinates chromatin remodeling during embryogenesis.
| S-EPMC7817106 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Reversible modification of proteins with linkage-specific ubiquitin chains is critical for intracellular signaling. Yet, information on physiological roles and underlying signaling mechanisms of particular ubiquitin linkages during human development are limited. Here, relying on genomic constraint scores, we identify 10 patients with a novel multiple congenital anomaly disorder caused by hemizygous variants in OTUD5, encoding a K48-/K63-linkage-specific deubiquitylase. By studying these mutations, we find that OTUD5 controls neuroectodermal differentiation through cleaving K48-linked ubiquitin chains to counteract degradation of a select group of chromatin regulators. These include ARID1A/B, HDAC2, and HCF1, mutation of which underlie different developmental disorders that exhibit phenotypic overlap with OTUD5 patients. Consequently, loss of OTUD5 during early differentiation leads to less accessible chromatin at neuroectodermal enhancers and thus aberrant rewiring of gene expression networks. Our study describes a novel developmental disorder we name LINKED (LINKage-specific-deubiquitylation-deficiency-induced Embryonic Defects) syndrome, provides a previously unrecognized mechanistic link between phenotypically related diseases, and reveals linkage-specific ubiquitin cleavage from substrate groups (i.e. chromatin remodelers) as an essential mode of signaling required to coordinate embryonic differentiation pathways.
2020-11-02 | GSE160589 | GEO
Project description:Reversible modification of proteins with linkage-specific ubiquitin chains is critical for intracellular signaling. Yet, information on physiological roles and underlying signaling mechanisms of particular ubiquitin linkages during human development are limited. Here, relying on genomic constraint scores, we identify 10 patients with a novel multiple congenital anomaly disorder caused by hemizygous variants in OTUD5, encoding a K48-/K63-linkage-specific deubiquitylase. By studying these mutations, we find that OTUD5 controls neuroectodermal differentiation through cleaving K48-linked ubiquitin chains to counteract degradation of a select group of chromatin regulators. These include ARID1A/B, HDAC2, and HCF1, mutation of which underlie different developmental disorders that exhibit phenotypic overlap with OTUD5 patients. Consequently, loss of OTUD5 during early differentiation leads to less accessible chromatin at neuroectodermal enhancers and thus aberrant rewiring of gene expression networks. Our study describes a novel developmental disorder we name LINKED (LINKage-specific-deubiquitylation-deficiency-induced Embryonic Defects) syndrome, provides a previously unrecognized mechanistic link between phenotypically related diseases, and reveals linkage-specific ubiquitin cleavage from substrate groups (i.e. chromatin remodelers) as an essential mode of signaling required to coordinate embryonic differentiation pathways.
2020-11-02 | GSE160588 | GEO
Project description:Linkage-specific deubiquitylation by OTUD5 defines an embryonic pathway intolerant to genomic variation
| PRJNA673701 | ENA
Project description:Linkage-specific deubiquitylation by OTUD5 defines an embryonic pathway intolerant to genomic variation [ATAC-Seq]
| PRJNA673703 | ENA
Project description:Linkage-specific deubiquitylation by OTUD5 defines an embryonic pathway intolerant to genomic variation [RNA-Seq]
| PRJNA673704 | ENA
Project description:The Caenorhabditis elegans one-cell embryo polarizes in response to a cue from the paternally donated centrosome and asymmetrically segregates cell fate determinants that direct the developmental program of the worm. We have found that genes encoding putative deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) are required for polarization of one-cell embryos. Maternal loss of the proteins MATH-33 and USP-47 leads to variable inability to correctly establish and maintain asymmetry as defined by posterior and anterior polarity proteins PAR-2 and PAR-3. The first observable defect is variable positioning of the centrosome with respect to the cell cortex and the male pronucleus. The severity of the polarity defects correlates with distance of the centrosome from the cortex. Furthermore, polarity defects can be bypassed by mutations that bring the centrosome in close proximity to the cortex. In addition we find that polarity and centrosome positioning defects can be suppressed by compromising protein turnover. We propose that the DUB activity of MATH-33 and USP-47 stabilizes one or more proteins required for association of the centrosome with the cortex. Because these DUBs are homologous to two members of a group of DUBs that act in fission yeast polarity, we tested additional members of that family and found that another C. elegans DUB gene, usp-46, also contributes to polarity. Our finding that deubiquitylating enzymes required for polarity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe are also required in C. elegans raises the possibility that these DUBs act through an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to control cell polarity.
| S-EPMC3510043 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Linkage-specific polyubiquitin recognition is thought to make possible the diverse set of functional outcomes associated with ubiquitination. Thus far, mechanistic insight into this selectivity has been largely limited to single domains that preferentially bind to lysine 48-linked polyubiquitin (K48-polyUb) in isolation. Here, we propose a mechanism, linkage-specific avidity, in which multiple ubiquitin-binding domains are arranged in space so that simultaneous, high-affinity interactions are optimum with one polyUb linkage but unfavorable or impossible with other polyUb topologies and monoUb. Our model is human Rap80, which contains tandem ubiquitin interacting motifs (UIMs) that bind to K63-polyUb at DNA double-strand breaks. We show how the sequence between the Rap80 UIMs positions the domains for efficient avid binding across a single K63 linkage, thus defining selectivity. We also demonstrate K48-specific avidity in a different protein, ataxin-3. Using tandem UIMs, we establish the general principles governing polyUb linkage selectivity and affinity in multivalent ubiquitin receptors.
| S-EPMC2709242 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recent analysis of the human and mouse genomes has revealed that highly identical duplicated elements account for >5% of the sequence content. These elements vary in copy number between individuals. Copy number variations (CNVs) contribute significantly to genetic differences among individuals and are increasingly recognized as a causal factor in human diseases with different etiologies. In inbred mouse strains, CNVs have been fixed by inbreeding, but they are highly variable among strains. Within strains, de novo germ-line CNVs can occur, leading to interindividual variation. By analyzing the genome of clonal isolates of mouse ES cells derived from common parental lines, we have uncovered extensive and recurrent CNVs. This variation arises during mitosis and can be cotransmitted into the mouse germ line along with engineered alleles, contributing to genetic variability. The frequency and extent of these genomic changes in ES cells suggests that all somatic tissues in individuals will be mosaics composed of variants of the zygotic genome. Human ES (hES) cells and derived somatic lineages may be similarly affected, challenging the concept of a stable somatic genome.
| S-EPMC2582305 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genomic regions that are unusually divergent between closely related species or racial groups can be particularly informative about the process of speciation or the operation of natural selection. The two sequenced genomes of cultivated Asian rice, Oryza sativa, reveal that at least 6% of the genomes are unusually divergent. Sequencing of ten unlinked loci from the highly divergent regions consistently identified two highly divergent haplotypes with each locus in nearly complete linkage disequilibrium among 25 O. sativa cultivars and 35 lines from six wild species. The existence of two highly divergent haplotypes in high divergence regions in species from all geographical areas (Africa, Asia, and Oceania) was in contrast to the low polymorphism and low linkage disequilibrium that were observed in other parts of the genome, represented by ten reference loci. While several natural processes are likely to contribute to this pattern of genomic variation, domestication may have greatly exaggerated the trend. In this hypothesis, divergent haplotypes that were adapted to different geographical and ecological environments migrated along with humans during the development of domesticated varieties. If true, these high divergence regions of the genome would be enriched for loci that contribute to the enormous range of phenotypic variation observed among domesticated breeds.
| S-EPMC1636696 | biostudies-literature