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Exposure of CF and WT primary human monocyte derived macrophages to extracellular vesicles secreted by CF or WT primary human airway epithelial cells.

ABSTRACT: Mutations in CFTR have been shown to alter the immune response of macrophages, for example, by reducing the ability of macrophages to phagocytose and kill bacteria. This contributes to chronic bacterial infection and inflammation in the lungs, which leads to significant morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by a variety of cell types in the lungs and participate in the host immune response to bacterial infection. However, nothing is known about the effect of EVs secreted by CF airway epithelial cells (AEC) on CF macrophages. Therefore, we examined the effect of EVs secreted by primary CF AEC on CF monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) and compared it with the effect of EVs secreted by wild type (WT) AEC on WT MDM. EVs increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and enhanced the expression of numerous innate immune genes in WT MDM. However, the response of CF MDM to EVs was significantly attenuated compared to WT MDM, a difference that was also observed when EVs were isolated from WT and CF AEC exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Attenuated responses by CF MDM can be attributed to defects in the CF macrophages themselves rather than differences between CF and WT EVs, because EVs secreted by CF AEC or WT AEC elicited similar cytokine secretion by CF MDM. EVs secreted by P. aeruginosa exposed AEC resulted in the upregulation of immune response genes and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractants and chemokines involved in tissue repair by WT MDM, whereas the response of CF MDM was attenuated by comparison. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the effect of EVs secreted by CF AEC on CF MDM, and it demonstrates that the Phe508del mutation in CFTR attenuates the innate immune response of MDM to EVs.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE163095 | GEO | 2021/02/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Paneth cells of intestinal crypts contribute to host defense by producing antimicrobial peptides that are packaged as granules for secretion into the crypt lumen. Here, we provide evidence using light and electron microscopy that postsecretory Paneth cell granules undergo limited dissolution and accumulate within the intestinal crypts of cystic fibrosis (CF) mice. On the basis of this finding, we evaluated bacterial colonization and expression of two major constituents of Paneth cells, i.e., {alpha}-defensins (cryptdins) and lysozyme, in CF murine intestine. Paneth cell granules accumulated in intestinal crypt lumens in both untreated CF mice with impending intestinal obstruction and in CF mice treated with an osmotic laxative that prevented overt clinical symptoms and mucus accretion. Ultrastructure studies indicated little change in granule morphology within mucus casts, whereas granules in laxative-treated mice appear to undergo limited dissolution. Protein extracts from CF intestine had increased levels of processed cryptdins compared with those from wild-type (WT) littermates. Nonetheless, colonization with aerobic bacteria species was not diminished in the CF intestine and oral challenge with a cryptdin-sensitive enteric pathogen, Salmonella typhimurium, resulted in greater colonization of CF compared with WT intestine. Modest downregulation of cryptdin and lysozyme mRNA in CF intestine was shown by microarray analysis, real-time quantitative PCR, and Northern blot analysis. Based on these findings, we conclude that antimicrobial peptide activity in CF mouse intestine is compromised by inadequate dissolution of Paneth cell granules within the crypt lumens. Total RNA was extracted from pooled small intestines of three WT and three CF mice using Tri-Reagent (Molecular Research Center, Cincinnati, OH), and poly(A) RNA was purified by using the MicroPoly(A) mRNA purification kit (Ambion, Austin, TX). The WT and CF poly(A) RNA samples were sent to IncyteGenomics (St. Louis, MO) where they were labeled with cyanine 3 (Cy3) and Cy5, respectively, and hybridized with the UniGEM1.31 array representing 9,570 known genes and expressed sequence tags.

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Exposure of CF and WT primary human monocyte derived macrophages to extracellular vesicles secreted by CF or WT primary human airway epithelial cells.

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