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Enhancer RNAs make multivalent interactions with NELF to stimulate Pol II pause release [SHAPE]

ABSTRACT: A SHAPE-MaP structure probing experiment was performed on 40 eRNAs. The eRNA transcription start sites (TSSs) were identified by 5'-ExoSeq. The 5' end fragment (1-200 nucleotides) of each eRNA was cloned from mouse cortical neurons and the eRNAs were produced by in vitro transcription. Each eRNA was treated in one sample with DMSO (control) and in a second sample with the SHAPE reagent 1-Methyl-7-nitroisatoic anhydride (1M7). The 1M7 chemical will react preferentially with the ribose 2'OH of the flexible nucleotides in single stranded regions and the produced adduct will lead to mutations during reverse transcription.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE163112 | GEO | 2022/03/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Enhancer RNAs harness multivalent interactions to detach NELF from paused Pol II [GROSEQ, eCLIPSEQ, CHIPSEQ]

Project description:Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that originate from enhancers. Although eRNA transcription is a canonical feature of functionally activated enhancers in various organisms and cell types, its functionality in gene regulation has not been firmly established. This is in part due to a lack of knowledge regarding the molecular features required for eRNA function. Using the eRNA-dependent regulation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pause release as a model, we examined the requirement of sequence, structure and length for the ability of eRNAs to detach NELF from paused Pol II. We found no common structural or sequence motif that dictates eRNA function. Instead, efficient NELF release requires a single eRNA molecule to make multiple contacts with several NELF subunits as well as the presence of unpaired guanosine nucleosides. By revealing the molecular determinants for eRNA function, our study mechanistically links eRNAs to Pol II pause release and provides new insight into the regulation of metazoan transcription.

2022-03-08 | GSE164556 | GEO

Enhancer RNAs stimulate Pol II pause release by harnessing multivalent interactions to NELF

Project description:UV-light-induced protein-RNA cross-linking followed by MS analysis was used to identify RNA-binding regions of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) to the negative elongation factor (NELF) complex, and NELF as part of the paused elongation complex (PEC) of human RNA polymerase II.

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Enhancer RNAs make multivalent interactions with NELF to stimulate Pol II pause release

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

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Enhancer RNAs make multivalent interactions with NELF to stimulate Pol II pause release [Exo-seq]

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Project description:Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a lethal disease1-4. Aberrant activation of the androgen receptor (AR) becomes a central mechanism contributing to the resistance of endocrine therapies2,3. Here we demonstrate that non-coding RNAs transcribed from the AR bound-enhancers RNAs (AR-eRNAs) are upregulated in human CRPC cells in vitro, xenografts in vivo and patient tissues. Expression of a subset of genes with elevated AR-eRNAs, including TLE1 and HTR3A, is inversely correlated with biochemical recurrence-free survival of CRPC patients. We identify aan HIV-1 TAR-like (TAR-L) motif in AR-eRNAs of AR target genes including KLK3 (or PSA) and TMPRSS2. The TAR-L motif is important for these eRNAs to bind to CYCLIN T1 of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex. Knockdown of PSA eRNA diminishes RNA polymerase II (Pol II) serine-2 (Ser-2) phosphorylation at the PSA promoter. The TAR-L motif in KLK3 eRNA is crucial for effective transcription of PSA mRNA. Together, wWe demonstrate a P-TEFb activation function of eRNA and reveal aberrant eRNA expression as a functional indicator of AR abnormality in CRPC. Our results also suggest that eRNAs as amay be a potential target for CRPC therapy. Total RNA sequencing of two prostate cancer cells. Data were generated by deep sequencing, in diplicate, using Illumina HiSeq 2000.

2016-02-12 | E-GEOD-55030 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Activation of the P-TEFb Complex by Lethal Prostate Cancer-Associated Enhancer RNAs [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a lethal disease1-4. Aberrant activation of the androgen receptor (AR) becomes a central mechanism contributing to the resistance of endocrine therapies2,3. Here we demonstrate that non-coding RNAs transcribed from the AR bound-enhancers RNAs (AR-eRNAs) are upregulated in human CRPC cells in vitro, xenografts in vivo and patient tissues. Expression of a subset of genes with elevated AR-eRNAs, including TLE1 and HTR3A, is inversely correlated with biochemical recurrence-free survival of CRPC patients. We identify aan HIV-1 TAR-like (TAR-L) motif in AR-eRNAs of AR target genes including KLK3 (or PSA) and TMPRSS2. The TAR-L motif is important for these eRNAs to bind to CYCLIN T1 of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex. Knockdown of PSA eRNA diminishes RNA polymerase II (Pol II) serine-2 (Ser-2) phosphorylation at the PSA promoter. The TAR-L motif in KLK3 eRNA is crucial for effective transcription of PSA mRNA. Together, wWe demonstrate a P-TEFb activation function of eRNA and reveal aberrant eRNA expression as a functional indicator of AR abnormality in CRPC. Our results also suggest that eRNAs as amay be a potential target for CRPC therapy. Androgen receptor (AR) binding sites in human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and C4-2, were studied using ChIP-seq. ChIP enriched and input DNA were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000.

2016-02-12 | E-GEOD-55031 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Enhancer RNAs make multivalent interactions with NELF to stimulate Pol II pause release [SHAPE]

Project description:Enhancer RNAs make multivalent interactions with NELF to stimulate Pol II pause release [SHAPE]

| PRJNA684923 | ENA

Dynamic landscape of enhancer-derived RNA during mouse early embryo development

Project description:Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) play critical roles in diverse biological processes by mediating the activation of their target genes. However, the systematic landscape and potential regulations and functions of eRNAs during mammalian early embryo development remains elusive. Here, we present the comprehensive detection and characterization of eRNAs during mouse early embryo development. We demonstrated the spatiotemporal and allelic landscape of eRNA expression. We found the asymmetric activation of paternal-specific eRNAs during zygotic genome activation (ZGA). We identified TFs and their cooperation in regulating dynamic eRNA expression. eRNA are involved in multiple developmental signaling pathways through putatively regulating their target genes. Interestingly, we observed that the transcriptions of enhancers themselves are also widely modulated by eRNAs during mouse early embryo development. Critically, we de novo identified a novel eRNA transcribed from a super-enhancer region exclusively expressed at 2-cell stage of mouse early embryos and experimentally validated its key functional role in regulating ZGA and early embryo development.

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Functional Importance of eRNAs for Estrogen-dependent Gene Transcriptional Activation

Project description:The functional importance of gene enhancers in regulated gene expression is well established. In addition to widespread transcription of long non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts in mammalian cells, bidirectional ncRNAs referred to as eRNAs are present on enhancers. However, it has remained unclear whether these eRNAs are functional, or merely a reflection of enhancer activation. Here, we report that 17 ?-estradiol (E2)-bound estrogen receptor alpha (ER?) on enhancers causes a global increase in eRNA transcription on enhancers adjacent to E2 upregulated coding genes. These induced eRNAs, as functional transcripts, appear to exert important roles for the observed ligand-dependent induction of target coding genes, causing an increased strength of specific enhancer:promoter looping initiated by ER? binding. Cohesin, present on many ER?-regulated enhancers even prior to ligand treatment, apparently contributes to E2-dependent gene activation by stabilizing E2/ER?/eRNA-induced enhancer:promoter looping. Our data indicate that eRNAs are likely to exert important functions in many regulated programs of gene transcription. The ChIP-seqs in this study measure the binding landscape of master transcription regulator of estrogen signaling - ER?, together with common histone marks including H3K27ac and H3K4me1 in MCF7 cells. These data serve as the basis to understand the enhancer map and subsequent analysis of eRNA expression using GRO-seq. The GRO-seq measures the trancription of nascent RNAs in the genome. From MCF7 cells treated with veichle or estrodial, we could identify estrogen-regulated eRNAs and subsequently could study their functions.

2013-06-04 | E-GEOD-45822 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Rev-Erbs repress macrophage gene expression by inhibiting enhancer-directed transcription

Project description:Rev-Erba and Rev-Erbb are nuclear receptors that regulate the expression of genes involved in the control of circadian rhythm, metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Rev-Erbs function as transcriptional repressors by recruiting NCoR/HDAC3 co-repressor complexes to Rev-Erb response elements in enhancers and promoters of target genes, but the molecular basis for cell-specific programs of repression is not known. Here, we present evidence that in macrophages, Rev-Erbs regulate target gene expression by inhibiting the functions of distal enhancers that are selected by macrophage lineage-determining factors, thereby establishing a macrophage-specific program of repression. Remarkably, the repressive functions of Rev-Erbs are associated with their ability to inhibit the transcription of enhancer-derived RNAs (eRNAs). Furthermore, targeted degradation of eRNAs at two enhancers subject to negative regulation by Rev-Erbs resulted in reduced expression of nearby mRNAs, implying a direct role of these eRNAs in enhancer function. By precisely defining eRNA start sites using a method that quantifies nascent 5' ends (5'-GRO-Seq), we show that transfer of full enhancer activity to a target promoter requires both the sequences mediating transcription factor binding and the specific sequences encoding the eRNA transcript. These studies provide evidence for direct roles of eRNAs in contributing to enhancer functions and suggest that Rev-Erbs act to suppress gene expression at a distance by repressing eRNA transcription. Using ChIPseq, GRO-seq, and 5'GRO-seq to determine mechanism of RevErb in transcriptional regulation in macrophages

2013-06-05 | E-GEOD-45914 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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