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The Aim2 inflammasome and Gasdermin D promote atherosclerotic plaque necrosis in Jak2V617F clonal hematopoiesis

ABSTRACT: scRNA-Sequencing of CD45+ cells harvested from aortas of Ldlr-/- mice following a 12 week western type diet.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE163536 | GEO | 2021/01/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The Aim2 inflammasome and Gasdermin D promote atherosclerotic plaque necrosis in Jak2V617F clonal hematopoiesis

Project description:The Aim2 inflammasome and Gasdermin D promote atherosclerotic plaque necrosis in Jak2V617F clonal hematopoiesis

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The Aim2 inflammasome exacerbates atherosclerosis in Jak2 clonal hematopoiesis bulk Cd11b+ cell RNA-Seq

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Single-nucleus RNA-seq of aortas from Ldlr-/- and Ldlr-/-Trem2-/- atherosclerotic mice

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Single-nucleus RNA-seq of aortas from Ldlr-/- and Ldlr-/-Trem2-/- atherosclerotic mice

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Gasdermin D Promotes AIM2 Inflammasome Activation and Is Required for Host Protection against <i>Francisella novicida</i>.

Project description:The DNA sensor absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) forms an inflammasome complex with ASC and caspase-1 in response to Francisella tularensis subspecies novicida infection, leading to maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 and pyroptosis. AIM2 is critical for host protection against F. novicida infection in vivo; however, the role of pyroptosis downstream of the AIM2 inflammasome is unknown. Recent studies have identified gasdermin D (GSDMD) as the molecule executing pyroptosis by forming pores on the plasma membrane following activation by inflammatory caspase-1 and -11. In this study, we report that GSDMD-deficient mice were susceptible to F. novicida infection compared with wild type mice. Interestingly, we observed that GSDMD is required for optimal caspase-1 activation and pyroptotic cell death in F. novicida-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, caspase-1 activation was compromised in bone marrow-derived macrophages lacking GSDMD stimulated with other AIM2 inflammasome triggers, including poly(dA:dT) transfection and mouse CMV infection. Overall, our study highlights a function, to our knowledge previously unknown, for GSDMD in promoting caspase-1 activation by AIM2 inflammasome.

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Compartment-resolved proteomic analysis of mouse aorta during atherosclerotic plaque formation

Project description:Atherosclerosis leads to vascular lesions that involve major rearrangements of the vascular proteome, especially of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Using single aortas from ApoE knock out mice, we quantified formation of plaques by single-run, high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. To probe localization on a proteome-wide scale, we employed quantitative detergent solubility profiling. This compartment- and time-resolved resource of atherogenesis comprised 5,117 proteins, 182 of which changed their expression status in response to vessel maturation and atherosclerotic plaque development. In the insoluble ECM proteome, 65 proteins significantly changed, including relevant collagens, matrix metalloproteinases and macrophage specific proteins.

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Deficiency of macrophage PHACTR1 impairs efferocytosis and promotes atherosclerotic plaque necrosis.

Project description:Efferocytosis, the process through which apoptotic cells (ACs) are cleared through actin-mediated engulfment by macrophages, prevents secondary necrosis, suppresses inflammation, and promotes resolution. Impaired efferocytosis drives the formation of clinically dangerous necrotic atherosclerotic plaques, the underlying etiology of coronary artery disease (CAD). An intron of the gene encoding PHACTR1 contains rs9349379 (A>G), a common variant associated with CAD. As PHACTR1 is an actin-binding protein, we reasoned that if the rs9349379 risk allele G causes lower PHACTR1 expression in macrophages, it might link the risk allele to CAD via impaired efferocytosis. We show here that rs9349379-G/G was associated with lower levels of PHACTR1 and impaired efferocytosis in human monocyte-derived macrophages and human atherosclerotic lesional macrophages compared with rs9349379-A/A. Silencing PHACTR1 in human and mouse macrophages compromised AC engulfment, and Western diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice in which hematopoietic Phactr1 was genetically targeted showed impaired lesional efferocytosis, increased plaque necrosis, and thinner fibrous caps - all signs of vulnerable plaques in humans. Mechanistically, PHACTR1 prevented dephosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), which was necessary for AC engulfment. In summary, rs9349379-G lowered PHACTR1, which, by lowering phospho-MLC, compromised efferocytosis. Thus, rs9349379-G may contribute to CAD risk, at least in part, by impairing atherosclerotic lesional macrophage efferocytosis.

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Identification of AIM2 as a downstream target of JAK2V617F.

Project description:The gain-of-function mutation JAK2V617F is frequently found in Philadelphia-chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. However, the tumorigenic properties of JAK2V617F have mostly been characterized in in vivo and in vitro murine models due to the lack of appropriate human cell lines.Using the multipotent hematologic cell line UT-7/GM, we established D9, a novel human cell line that expresses JAK2V617F upon tetracycline addition. We assessed cellular differentiation in UT-7/GM cells when JAK2V617F was induced, and we used microarrays to analyze changes in mRNA expression caused by JAK2V617F.Using the human D9 cell line, we demonstrated that the induction of JAK2V617F leads to cytokine-independent cell growth with increased STAT activation and erythroid differentiation, mimicking the characteristics observed in polycythemia vera, making it a suitable in vitro model for studying this disorder. Interestingly, JAK2V617F-dependent erythroid cell differentiation was blocked when GM-CSF was added to the culture, suggesting that the GM-CSF pathway antagonizes JAK2V617F-induced erythroid cell differentiation. Our microarray analysis identified several genes involved in inflammasome activation, such as AIM2, IL1B, and CASP1, which were significantly up-regulated in JAK2V617F-induced cells.The observed inflammasome activation following JAK2V617F induction is consistent with a recent report demonstrating the involvement of IL1B in myelofibrosis development in a JAK2V617F model mouse. These results indicate that the D9 cell line should be useful for characterizing the signaling pathways downstream of JAK2V617F, allowing for the identification of effector molecules that contribute to the development of MPN.

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CAMKII? suppresses an efferocytosis pathway in macrophages and promotes atherosclerotic plaque necrosis.

Project description:Atherosclerosis is the underlying etiology of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a heterogeneous disease in which only a small fraction of lesions lead to heart attack, stroke, or sudden cardiac death. A distinct type of plaque containing large necrotic cores with thin fibrous caps often precipitates these acute events. Here, we show that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ? (CaMKII?) in macrophages plays a major role in the development of necrotic, thin-capped plaques. Macrophages in necrotic and symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques in humans as well as advanced atherosclerotic lesions in mice demonstrated activation of CaMKII. Western diet-fed LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice with myeloid-specific deletion of CaMKII had smaller necrotic cores with concomitantly thicker collagen caps. These lesions demonstrated evidence of enhanced efferocytosis, which was associated with increased expression of the macrophage efferocytosis receptor MerTK. Mechanistic studies revealed that CaMKII?-deficient macrophages and atherosclerotic lesions lacking myeloid CaMKII? had increased expression of the transcription factor ATF6. We determined that ATF6 induces liver X receptor-? (LXR?), an Mertk-inducing transcription factor, and that increased MerTK expression and efferocytosis in CaMKII?-deficient macrophages is dependent on LXR?. These findings identify a macrophage CaMKII?/ATF6/LXR?/MerTK pathway as a key factor in the development of necrotic atherosclerotic plaques.

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Effect of RAGE on macrophage transcriptome in regression of diabetic atherosclerosis

Project description:Ldlr null (Ager+/+ Ldlr-/-) diabetic mice were raised on a Western diet. Their aortas were transplanted to diabetic mice rasied on standard chow, which were either WT (Ager+/+ Ldlr+/+) or Ager null (Ager-/- Ldlr+/+). The gene expression profile of either the donor (CD45.2) or recipient (CD45.1) sorted macrophages from both genotypes was studied.

2020-08-12 | GSE142204 | GEO

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