Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in aged macaques and humans
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens Macaca mulatta
PROVIDER: GSE163737 | GEO | 2022/06/29
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in aged macaques and humans
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Project description:Mediator Med23 regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis
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Project description:Dynamic DNA methylation controls gene-regulatory networks underlying cell fate specification. How DNA methylation patterns change during adult hippocampal neurogenesis and their relevance for the generation of new neurons from adult neural stem cells has, however, remained unknown. Here, we show that neurogenesis-associated de novo DNA methylation is critical for maturation and functional integration of adult-born hippocampal neurons. Cell stage-specific bisulfite sequencing revealed a pronounced gain of DNA methylation at neuronal enhancers, gene bodies and binding sites of pro-neuronal transcription factors during adult neurogenesis, which mostly correlated with transcriptional up-regulation of the associated loci. Inducible deletion of both de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in adult neural stem cells specifically impaired dendritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis of new neurons, resulting in impaired hippocampal excitability and specific deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Our results highlight that, during adult neurogenesis, remodeling of neuronal methylomes is fundamental for proper hippocampal function.
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Project description:Dynamic DNA methylation controls gene-regulatory networks underlying cell fate specification. How DNA methylation patterns change during adult hippocampal neurogenesis and their relevance for the generation of new neurons from adult neural stem cells has, however, remained unknown. Here, we show that neurogenesis-associated de novo DNA methylation is critical for maturation and functional integration of adult-born hippocampal neurons. Cell stage-specific bisulfite sequencing revealed a pronounced gain of DNA methylation at neuronal enhancers, gene bodies and binding sites of pro-neuronal transcription factors during adult neurogenesis, which mostly correlated with transcriptional up-regulation of the associated loci. Inducible deletion of both de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in adult neural stem cells specifically impaired dendritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis of new neurons, resulting in impaired hippocampal excitability and specific deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Our results highlight that, during adult neurogenesis, remodeling of neuronal methylomes is fundamental for proper hippocampal function.
2021-03-02 | GSE167953 | GEO
Project description:During adult hippocampal neurogenesis, the majority of newborn cells undergo apoptosis and are rapidly phagocytosed by resident microglia in order to avoid disturbing the surrounding neurons. Here, we propose that phagocytosis is not merely a passive process of corpse removal but has an active role in maintaining adult hippocampal neurogenesis. First, we found that neurogenesis was disrupted in three defective microglial phagocytosis KO models in vivo (P2Y12, MerTK/Axl , GPR34). We then followed an in vitro approach to perform a transcriptomic analysis of microglial phagocytosis and identified genes involved in metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and neurogenesis-related functions. Finally, we determined that the phagocytic microglia secretome limits the production of new neurons both in vivo and in vitro. Our data suggest that reprogrammed phagocytic microglia acts as a sensor of local cell death, modulating the balance between cell proliferation and cell survival in the neurogenic niche, supporting the long-term maintenance of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
2020-04-09 | GSE129569 | GEO
Project description:Dynamic DNA methylation controls gene-regulatory networks underlying cell fate specification. How DNA methylation patterns change during adult hippocampal neurogenesis and their relevance for the generation of new neurons from adult neural stem cells has, however, remained unknown. Here, we show that neurogenesis-associated de novo DNA methylation is critical for maturation and functional integration of adult-born hippocampal neurons. Cell stage-specific bisulfite sequencing revealed a pronounced gain of DNA methylation at neuronal enhancers, gene bodies and binding sites of pro-neuronal transcription factors during adult neurogenesis, which mostly correlated with transcriptional up-regulation of the associated loci. Inducible deletion of both de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in adult neural stem cells specifically impaired dendritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis of new neurons, resulting in impaired hippocampal excitability and specific deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Our results highlight that, during adult neurogenesis, remodeling of neuronal methylomes is fundamental for proper hippocampal function.
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Project description:we provide evidence that Med23 is involved in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse. Med23-deficient NSCs in the SGZ display faster self-renewal activity possibly by reducing cell cycle length, but neuroblasts, immature and mature new-born neurons are reduced.
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Project description:Whether adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) persists in adult and aged humans continues to be extensively debated. A major question is whether the markers identified in rodents are reliable enough to reveal new neurons and the neurogenic trajectory in primates. Here, to provide a better understanding of AHN in primates and to reveal more novel markers for distinct cell types, droplet-based single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is used to investigate the cellular heterogeneity and molecular characteristics of the hippocampi in macaques across the lifespan and in aged humans. All of the major cell types in the hippocampus and their expression profiles were identified. The dynamics of the neurogenic lineage was revealed and the diversity of astrocytes and microglia was delineated. In the neurogenic lineage, the regulatory continuum from adult neural stem cells (NSCs) to immature and mature granule cells was investigated. A group of primate-specific markers were identified. We validated ETNPPL as a primate-specific NSC marker and verified STMN1 and STMN2 as immature neuron markers in primates. Furthermore, we illustrate a cluster of active astrocytes and microglia exhibiting proinflammatory responses in aged samples. The interaction analysis and the comparative investigation on published datasets and ours imply that astrocytes provide signals inducing the proliferation, quiescence and inflammation of adult NSCs at different stages and that the proinflammatory status of astrocytes probably contributes to the decrease and variability of AHN in adults and elderly individuals.
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Project description:Somatic stem cells contribute to tissue ontogenesis, homeostasis, and regeneration through sequential processes. Systematic molecular analysis of stem cell behavior is challenging because classic approaches cannot resolve cellular heterogeneity or capture developmental dynamics. Here we provide a comprehensive resource of single-cell transcriptomes of adult hippocampal quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs) and their immediate progeny. We further developed Waterfall, a bioinformatic suite, to statistically quantify singe-cell gene expression along de novo reconstructed continuous developmental trajectory. Our study reveals molecular signatures of qNSCs, characterized by high niche signaling integration and low protein translation capacity. Our analyses further delineate molecular cascades underlying adult qNSC activation and neurogenesis initiation, exemplified by decreased extrinsic signaling capacity, primed translational machinery, and regulatory switches in transcription factors, metabolism, and energy sources. Our study reveals the molecular continuum underlying adult neurogenesis and illustrates how Waterfall can be used for single-cell omics analyses of various continuous biological processes. Single-cell transcriptomes of adult hippocampal quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs) and their immediate progeny.
2015-08-30 | E-GEOD-71485 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Lithium is a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, where it acts as a mood-stabilizing agent. Although its precise mechanism remains unclear, neuroimaging studies have shown that lithium accumulates in the hippocampus and that chronic use amongst bipolar disorder patients is associated with larger hippocampal volumes. Here, we tested the chronic effects of low (0.75 mM) and high (2.25 mM) doses of lithium on human hippocampal progenitor cells and used immunocytochemistry to investigate the effects of lithium on cell parameters implicated in neurogenesis. Corresponding RNA-sequencing and gene-set enrichment analyses were used to evaluate whether genes affected by lithium in our model overlap with those regulating the volume of specific layers of the dentate gyrus. We observed that high-dose lithium treatment in human hippocampal progenitors increased the generation of neuroblasts (P ≤ 0.01), neurons (P ≤ 0.01), and glia (P ≤ 0.001), alongside the expression of genes which regulate the volume of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. This study provides empirical support that adult hippocampal neurogenesis and gliogenesis are mechanisms that could contribute to the effects of lithium on human hippocampal volume.
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