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RNA-Seq of Col-0, dek3-2, dek4-2, and dek3-2 dek4-2 (dd-2) 7-day-old seedlings in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Evolutionarily conserved DEK domain-containing proteins have been implicated in multiple chromatin-related processes, mRNA splicing, and transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes. Here, we show that two DEK proteins, DEK3 and DEK4, redundantly control the floral transition in Arabidopsis. DEK3 and DEK4 directly associate with chromatin of related flowering repressors, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), and its two homologs, MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING4 (MAF4) and MAF5, to promote their expression. The binding of DEK3 and DEK4 to histone octamer in vivo affects histone modifications at FLC, MAF4 and MAF5 loci. In addition, DEK3 and DEK4 interact with RNA polymerase II and promote the association of RNA polymerase II with FLC, MAF4 and MAF5 chromatin to promote their expression. Our results show that DEK3 and DEK4 directly interact with chromatin to facilitate the transcription of key flowering repressors and thus prevent precocious flowering in Arabidopsis.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE163742 | GEO | 2021/05/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The transition to flowering in plants is controlled by a regulatory network that responds to both developmental and environmental signals. The MADS-box genes FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) are major flowering repressors that enhance responses to environmental cues such as winter temperatures, high ambient temperatures and photoperiod. FLC and SVP physically interact in vivo and mutation of each gene causes early flowering while the double mutant is more extreme. The molecular mechanisms underlying these genetic interactions are mostly unknown. We addressed the regulatory input of these two key transcription factors (TFs) both individually and as a complex at the genome-wide level through ChIP-seq and microarray expression analysis in single and double mutants. Analysis of each TF demonstrated that the complex acts predominantly via functional redundancy in the repression of flowering. SVP and FLC bind to the same regions of the flowering genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) but do not require the presence of the other to bind. However, genome-wide identification of SVP and FLC occupancy events revealed that their binding scenarios are quantitatively and qualitatively affected by the presence of the cognate partner. A subgroup of genes whose regulation by these TFs depends exclusively on combinatorial binding of both proteins was identified, demonstrating a qualitatively essential role of the SVP-FLC complex. Some of these genes are involved in the control of flowering through direct and indirect regulation of Gibberellin-related processes. Cis-regulatory elements enriched only at such complex-bound sites were identified. Thus the regulatory output mediated by SVP and FLC reveals substantial flexibility, leading to dependent and independent DNA binding that enables additive, cooperative and repressive modes of co-regulation. In total 48 samples; 24 leaf samples corresponding to two different growing conditions, 24 apex samples corresponding to two different growing conditions.

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RNA-Seq of Col-0, dek3-2, dek4-2, and dek3-2 dek4-2 (dd-2) 7-day-old seedlings in Arabidopsis

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