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A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance[ChIP-seq][Stat5]

ABSTRACT: STAT5 activation downstream of the Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) facilitates Foxp3 expression, which is required for the differentiation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, due to the pleiotropic roles of IL-2R signaling, it is unclear how STAT5 acts on the Foxp3 locus to promote Treg cell lineage commitment. Here, we report that IL-2–STAT5 signaling converges on an enhancer (CNS4) during early Foxp3 induction. CNS4 facilitates and sustains the IL-2–dependent CD25+Foxp3– precursor to Treg cell transition in the thymus. Its deficiency results in markedly impaired Treg cell generation in neonates, which is partially mitigated with age. While the thymic Treg cell paucity caused by CNS4 deficiency did not result in autoimmunity on its own, it exacerbated autoimmune manifestations caused by disruption of the Aire gene. Thus, CNS4 enhancer activity ensures robust Treg cell differentiation early in postnatal life and, cooperatively with other tolerance mechanisms, minimizes autoimmunity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE163760 | GEO | 2021/03/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance[TCR-seq]

Project description:STAT5 activation downstream of the Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) facilitates Foxp3 expression, which is required for the differentiation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, due to the pleiotropic roles of IL-2R signaling, it is unclear how STAT5 acts on the Foxp3 locus to promote Treg cell lineage commitment. Here, we report that IL-2–STAT5 signaling converges on an enhancer (CNS4) during early Foxp3 induction. CNS4 facilitates and sustains the IL-2–dependent CD25+Foxp3– precursor to Treg cell transition in the thymus. Its deficiency results in markedly impaired Treg cell generation in neonates, which is partially mitigated with age. While the thymic Treg cell paucity caused by CNS4 deficiency did not result in autoimmunity on its own, it exacerbated autoimmune manifestations caused by disruption of the Aire gene. Thus, CNS4 enhancer activity ensures robust Treg cell differentiation early in postnatal life and, cooperatively with other tolerance mechanisms, minimizes autoimmunity.

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A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance

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Project description:Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling is essential for T regulatory (Treg) cell development and homeostasis. Here we show that expression of IL-2Rbeta chains that lack tyrosine residues important for the association of the adaptor Shc and the transcription factor STAT5 in IL-2Rbeta-deficient mice resulted in production of a normal proportion of natural Treg cells that suppressed severe autoimmunity related with deficiency in IL-2 or IL-2R. These mutant IL-2Rbeta chains supported suboptimal and transient STAT5 activation that upregulate the transcription factor Foxp3 to normal amounts in natural, but not induced, Treg cells. Using cells T cell obtained from normal C57BL/6 mice and mice harboring Treg cells with impaired IL-2R signaling, gene expression profiling revealed many targets in peripheral natural Treg cells that were IL-2-dependent and a substantial overlap between the Treg cell IL-2-dependent gene program and the Treg cell transcriptional signature. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that a critical, and perhaps minor, subset of IL-2-dependent targets in Treg cells is indexed to a low IL-2R signaling threshold and that a substantial proportion of the Treg cell gene program is regulated by IL-2. CD4 T effector cells also showed many IL-2R-dependent gene and these also overlapped in a distintive manner with the IL-2-dependent genes of Treg cells and the Treg gene signature.

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