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Project description:Myofibroblasts are the major cellular source of collagen, and their accumulation - via differentiation from fibroblasts and resistance to apoptosis - is a hallmark of tissue fibrosis. Clearance of myofibroblasts by dedifferentiation and restoration of apoptosis sensitivity has the potential to reverse fibrosis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and mitogens such as FGF2 have each been shown to dedifferentiate myofibroblasts, but - to our knowledge - the resultant cellular phenotypes have neither been comprehensively characterized or compared. Here, we show that PGE2 elicited dedifferentiation of human lung myofibroblasts via cAMP/PKA, while FGF2 utilized MEK/ERK. The 2 mediators yielded transitional cells with distinct transcriptomes, with FGF2 promoting but PGE2 inhibiting proliferation and survival. The gene expression pattern in fibroblasts isolated from the lungs of mice undergoing resolution of experimental fibrosis resembled that of myofibroblasts treated with PGE2 in vitro. We conclude that myofibroblast dedifferentiation can proceed via distinct programs exemplified by treatment with PGE2 and FGF2, with dedifferentiation occurring in vivo most closely resembling the former.
| S-EPMC8026183 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Myofibroblasts are the major cellular source of collagen, and their accumulation – via differentiation from fibroblasts and resistance to apoptosis – is a hallmark of tissue fibrosis. Clearance of myofibroblasts by de-differentiation and restoration of apoptosis sensitivity has the potential to reverse fibrosis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and mitogens such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) have each been shown to de-differentiate myofibroblasts, but the resultant cellular phenotypes have neither been comprehensively characterized nor compared. Here we show that PGE2 elicited de-differentiation of human lung myofibroblasts via cAMP/PKA while FGF2 utilized MEK/ERK. The two mediators yielded transitional cells with distinct transcriptomes, with FGF2 promoting but PGE2 inhibiting proliferation and survival. The gene expression pattern in fibroblasts isolated from the lungs of mice undergoing resolution of experimental fibrosis resembled that of myofibroblasts treated with PGE2 in vitro. We conclude that myofibroblast de-differentiation can proceed via distinct programs exemplified by treatment with PGE2 and FGF2, with that occurring in vivo most closely resembling the former.
2021-03-23 | GSE163831 | GEO
Project description:Myofibroblasts are the major cellular source of collagen, and their accumulation – via differentiation from fibroblasts and resistance to apoptosis – is a hallmark of tissue fibrosis. Clearance of myofibroblasts by de-differentiation and restoration of apoptosis sensitivity has the potential to reverse fibrosis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and mitogens such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) have each been shown to de-differentiate myofibroblasts, but the resultant cellular phenotypes have neither been comprehensively characterized nor compared. Here we show that PGE2 elicited de-differentiation of human lung myofibroblasts via cAMP/PKA while FGF2 utilized MEK/ERK. The two mediators yielded transitional cells with distinct transcriptomes, with FGF2 promoting but PGE2 inhibiting proliferation and survival. The gene expression pattern in fibroblasts isolated from the lungs of mice undergoing resolution of experimental fibrosis resembled that of myofibroblasts treated with PGE2 in vitro. We conclude that myofibroblast de-differentiation can proceed via distinct programs exemplified by treatment with PGE2 and FGF2, with that occurring in vivo most closely resembling the former.
2021-03-23 | GSE163824 | GEO
Project description:Myofibroblast de-differentiation proceeds via distinct transcriptomic and phenotypic transitions
| PRJNA687728 | ENA
Project description:Myofibroblast de-differentiation proceeds via distinct transcriptomic and phenotypic transitions [miRNA-Seq]
| PRJNA687690 | ENA
Project description:Myofibroblast de-differentiation proceeds via distinct transcriptomic and phenotypic transitions [RNA-Seq]
| PRJNA687730 | ENA
Project description:Determining the mechanism of HPV18 replication is paramount for identifying possible drug targets against HPV infection. We used two-dimensional and three-dimensional gel electrophoresis techniques to identify replication intermediates arising during the initial amplification of HPV18 episomal genomes. We determined that the first rounds of HPV18 replication proceed via bidirectional theta structures; however, a notable accumulation of almost fully replicated HPV18 genomes indicates difficulties with the completion of theta replication. We also observed intermediates that were created by a second replication mechanism during the initial amplification of HPV18 genomes. The second replication mechanism does not utilize specific initiation or termination sequences and proceeds via a unidirectional replication fork. We suggest a significant role for the second replication mechanism during the initial replication of the HPV18 genome and propose that the second replication mechanism is recombination-dependent replication.
| S-EPMC4629122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many aging related diseases such as cancer implicate the myofibroblast in disease progression. Furthermore genesis of the myofibroblast is associated with manifestation of cellular senescence of unclear significance. In this study we investigated the role of a common regulator, namely telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), in order to evaluate the potential significance of this association between both processes. We analyzed the effects of TERT overexpression or deficiency on expression of CDKN2A and ACTA2 as indicators of senescence and differentiation, respectively. We assess binding of TERT or YB-1, a repressor of both genes, to their promoters. TERT repressed both CDKN2A and ACTA2 expression, and abolished stress-induced expression of both genes. Conversely, TERT deficiency enhanced their expression. Altering CDKN2A expression had no effect on ACTA2 expression. Both TERT and YB-1 were shown to bind the CDKN2A promoter but only YB-1 was shown to bind the ACTA2 promoter. TERT overexpression inhibited CDKN2A promoter activity while stimulating YB-1 expression and activation to repress ACTA2 gene. TERT repressed myofibroblast differentiation and senescence via distinct mechanisms. The latter was associated with TERT binding to the CDKN2A promoter, but not to the ACTA2 promoter, which may require interaction with co-factors such as YB-1.
| S-EPMC8312426 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cancer patients often harbor occult metastases, a potential source of relapse that is targetable only through systemic therapy. Studies of this occult fraction have been limited by a lack of tools with which to isolate discrete cells on spatial grounds. We developed PIC-IT, a photoconversion-based isolation technique allowing efficient recovery of cell clusters of any size - including single-metastatic cells - which are largely inaccessible otherwise. In a murine pancreatic cancer model, transcriptional profiling of spontaneously arising microcolonies revealed phenotypic heterogeneity, functionally reduced propensity to proliferate and enrichment for an inflammatory-response phenotype associated with NF-κB/AP-1 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB depleted microcolonies but had no effect on macrometastases, suggesting microcolonies are particularly dependent on this pathway. PIC-IT thus enables systematic investigation of metastatic heterogeneity. Moreover, the technique can be applied to other biological systems in which isolation and characterization of spatially distinct cell populations is not currently feasible.
| S-EPMC7929558 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMyofibroblasts are the critical effector cells in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis which carries a high degree of morbidity and mortality. We have previously identified Type II TGF? receptor interacting protein 1 (TRIP-1), through proteomic analysis, as a key regulator of collagen contraction in primary human lung fibroblasts--a functional characteristic of myofibroblasts, and the last, but critical step in the process of fibrosis. However, whether or not TRIP-1 modulates fibroblast trans-differentiation to myofibroblasts is not known.MethodsTRIP-1 expression was altered in primary human lung fibroblasts by siRNA and plasmid transfection. Transfected fibroblasts were then analyzed for myofibroblast features and function such as ?-SMA expression, collagen contraction ability, and resistance to apoptosis.ResultsThe down-regulation of TRIP-1 expression in primary human lung fibroblasts induces ?-SMA expression and enhances resistance to apoptosis and collagen contraction ability. In contrast, TRIP-1 over-expression inhibits ?-SMA expression. Remarkably, the effects of the loss of TRIP-1 are not abrogated by blockage of TGF? ligand activation of the Smad3 pathway or by Smad3 knockdown. Rather, a TRIP-1 mediated enhancement of AKT phosphorylation is the implicated pathway. In TRIP-1 knockdown fibroblasts, AKT inhibition prevents ?-SMA induction, and transfection with a constitutively active AKT construct drives collagen contraction and decreases apoptosis.ConclusionsTRIP-1 regulates fibroblast acquisition of phenotype and function associated with myofibroblasts. The importance of this finding is it suggests TRIP-1 expression could be a potential target in therapeutic strategy aimed against pathological fibrosis.
| S-EPMC3946032 | biostudies-literature