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Genome-wide open chromatin analysis of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of NASH

ABSTRACT: We isolated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) from mice fed control chow (Chow) or the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-inducing high fat, fructose and cholesterol (FFC) diet, and subjected the cells to Omni-ATAC-seq. Out of the top 500 differentially abundant open chromatin regions between the two groups, 498 were more robust in FFC-fed mice compared with Chow-fed mice, suggesting a genome-wide active epigenetic regulation in LSEC during NASH development. Furthermore, in combination with RNA-seq, we demonstrated a robust transcriptional upregulation of the adhesion molecule VCAM-1 in LSEC in NASH pathogenesis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE164008 | GEO | 2021/02/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by excess circulating toxic lipids, hepatic steatosis, and liver inflammation. Monocyte adhesion to the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and transendothelial migration (TEM) are crucial in the inflammatory process. LSEC under lipotoxic stress develops a pro-inflammatory phenotype known as endotheliopathy. However, the mediators of endotheliopathy remain obscure. Primary mouse LSEC isolated from C57BL/6J mice on chow or MASH-inducing diets rich in fat, fructose, and cholesterol (FFC) were subjected to multi-omics profiling. Mice with established MASH, due to a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CDHFD) or FFC diet, were treated with two structurally distinct GSK3 inhibitors [LY2090314, elraglusib (9-ING-41)]. Integrated pathway analysis of mouse LSEC proteome and transcriptome indicates that leukocyte TEM and focal adhesion are major pathways altered in MASH. Kinome profiling of the LSEC phospho-proteome identified GSK3β as the major kinase hub in MASH. GSK3β activating phosphorylation was increased in primary human LSEC treated with the toxic lipid palmitate and in human MASH. Palmitate upregulated the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase, via a GSK3-dependant mechanism. Congruently, the adhesive and transendothelial migratory capacities of primary human neutrophils and THP-1 monocytes through LSEC monolayer under lipotoxic stress were reduced by GSK3 inhibition. Treatment with the GSK3 inhibitors LY2090314 and elraglusib ameliorated liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in FFC and CDHFD-fed mice, respectively. Immunophenotyping of intrahepatic leukocytes from CDHFD-fed mice treated with elraglusib using cytometry by the time of flight showed reduced proinflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells infiltration.GSK3 inhibition attenuates lipotoxicity-induced LSEC endotheliopathy and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in human MASH.

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Genome-wide open chromatin analysis of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of NASH

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