Potential Mechanism of Wavelength Defocus in Bidirectional Regulation of Refractive Development in Guinea Pigs
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Cavia porcellus
PROVIDER: GSE164802 | GEO | 2021/01/15
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Potential Mechanism of Wavelength Defocus in Bidirectional Regulation of Refractive Development in Guinea Pigs
| PRJNA692095 | ENA
Project description:Refractive eye development is regulated by optical defocus in a process of emmetropization. Excessive exposure to negative optical defocus often leads to the development of myopia. However, it is still largely unknown how optical defocus is detected by the retina. Here, we used genome-wide RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to conduct analysis of the retinal genetic networks underlying contrast perception and refractive eye development. We report that the genetic network subserving contrast perception plays an important role in optical defocus detection and emmetropization. Our results demonstrate an interaction between contrast perception, the retinal circadian clock pathway and the signaling pathway underlying optical defocus detection. We also observe that the relative majority of genes causing human myopia are involved in the processing of optical defocus. Together, our results support the hypothesis that optical defocus is perceived by the retina using contrast as a proxy and provide new insights into molecular signaling underlying refractive eye development.
2021-06-03 | GSE158732 | GEO
Project description:During postnatal development, the optical geometry of the eye is refined through a process called emmetropization. During eye emmetropization, optical defocus triggers a signaling cascade that originates in the retina, propagates across other ocular tissues and results in scleral wall remodeling. This signaling is associated with large-scale changes in gene expression, which was extensively studied at the mRNA level. Although several studies investigated the role of non-coding RNAs in eye emmetropization, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs remains poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the miRNA-mRNA gene regulatory networks underlying optical-defocus-induced myopia using massive parallel RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Our analysis revealed a widespread involvement of miRNAs in optical defocus perception and visually guided eye emmetropization underlying myopia development. We found that a relatively small number of miRNAs (39 miRNAs total) regulate expression of over 450 mRNAs, or 59% of all mRNAs differentially expressed in the eyes of mice with optical-defocus-induced myopia. MiRNAs were also found to be involved in the regulation of the absolute majority of the biological processes and signaling pathways underlying visually guided eye emmetropization and myopia.
2025-04-03 | GSE200049 | GEO
Project description:During postnatal development, the optical geometry of the eye is refined through a process called emmetropization. During eye emmetropization, optical defocus triggers a signaling cascade that originates in the retina, propagates across other ocular tissues and results in scleral wall remodeling. This signaling is associated with large-scale changes in gene expression, which was extensively studied at the mRNA level. Although several studies investigated the role of non-coding RNAs in eye emmetropization, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs remains poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the miRNA-mRNA gene regulatory networks underlying optical-defocus-induced myopia using massive parallel RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Our analysis revealed a widespread involvement of miRNAs in optical defocus perception and visually guided eye emmetropization underlying myopia development. We found that a relatively small number of miRNAs (39 miRNAs total) regulate expression of over 450 mRNAs, or 59% of all mRNAs differentially expressed in the eyes of mice with optical-defocus-induced myopia. MiRNAs were also found to be involved in the regulation of the absolute majority of the biological processes and signaling pathways underlying visually guided eye emmetropization and myopia.
2025-04-03 | GSE200048 | GEO
Project description:During postnatal development, the optical geometry of the eye is refined through a process called emmetropization. During eye emmetropization, optical defocus triggers a signaling cascade that originates in the retina, propagates across other ocular tissues and results in scleral wall remodeling. This signaling is associated with large-scale changes in gene expression, which was extensively studied at the mRNA level. Although several studies investigated the role of non-coding RNAs in eye emmetropization, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs remains poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the miRNA-mRNA gene regulatory networks underlying optical-defocus-induced myopia using massive parallel RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Our analysis revealed a widespread involvement of miRNAs in optical defocus perception and visually guided eye emmetropization underlying myopia development. We found that a relatively small number of miRNAs (39 miRNAs total) regulate expression of over 450 mRNAs, or 59% of all mRNAs differentially expressed in the eyes of mice with optical-defocus-induced myopia. MiRNAs were also found to be involved in the regulation of the absolute majority of the biological processes and signaling pathways underlying visually guided eye emmetropization and myopia.
2025-04-03 | GSE200053 | GEO
Project description:During postnatal development, the optical geometry of the eye is refined through a process called emmetropization. During eye emmetropization, optical defocus triggers a signaling cascade that originates in the retina, propagates across other ocular tissues and results in scleral wall remodeling. This signaling is associated with large-scale changes in gene expression, which was extensively studied at the mRNA level. Although several studies investigated the role of non-coding RNAs in eye emmetropization, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs remains poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide analysis of the miRNA-mRNA gene regulatory networks underlying optical-defocus-induced myopia using massive parallel RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Our analysis revealed a widespread involvement of miRNAs in optical defocus perception and visually guided eye emmetropization underlying myopia development. We found that a relatively small number of miRNAs (39 miRNAs total) regulate expression of over 450 mRNAs, or 59% of all mRNAs differentially expressed in the eyes of mice with optical-defocus-induced myopia. MiRNAs were also found to be involved in the regulation of the absolute majority of the biological processes and signaling pathways underlying visually guided eye emmetropization and myopia.
2025-04-03 | GSE200051 | GEO
Project description:PurposeTo investigate the effect of short-wavelength light (SL) on guinea pigs with lens-induced myopia (LIM) and the possible retinoic acid (RA)-related mechanisms.MethodsTwo-week-old guinea pigs (n = 60) with monocular -5D lenses were reared under white light (WL, 580 lux) or SL (440 nm, 500 lux). The left eyes were uncovered as control. Refractive error (RE) and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline, one week, two weeks, and four weeks after intervention. Retinal RA was measured from four guinea pigs after two and four weeks of treatment with HPLC. Two-week-old guinea pigs (n = 52) with monocular -5D lens were fed with either RA or its synthesis inhibitor citral every third day in the morning, and half from each group were reared under WL or SL conditions. RE and AL were recorded at baseline and two and four weeks after intervention. Retinal RA was measured after four weeks of intervention.ResultsAt the end of treatment, guinea pigs exposed to SL were less myopic than to WL (2.06 ± 1.69D vs. -1.00 ± 1.88D), accompanied with shorter AL (P = 0.01) and less retinal RA (P = 0.02). SL reduced retinal RA even after exogenous RA supplementation (P = 0.02) and decelerated LIM compared to WL (1.66 ± 1.03D vs. -3.53 ± 0.90D). Citral slowed ocular growth, leading to similar RE in W+CI and S+CI groups (3.39 ± 1.65D vs. 5.25 ± 0.80D).ConclusionsOverall, SL reduced LIM in guinea pigs, even in those supplemented with oral RA, accompanied by reduced retinal RA levels. Oral RA accelerated eye elongation, but citral equally decelerated eye elongation under SL and WL with no significant retinal RA reduction.
| S-EPMC7817876 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThis study compared the efficacy of topical 1% atropine applied daily versus every 3 days for controlling myopia progression in guinea pigs.MethodsTo induce myopia, pigmented guinea pigs (New Zealand strain, n = 38) wore monocular -10 D rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses, which were replaced after 3 weeks with -15 diopter (D) contact lenses. Animals were treated with 1% atropine either daily (Atr-QD; n = 12), or every 3 days (Atr-Q3D; n = 11), or with artificial tears (control group; n = 15). Spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) and axial length (AL) data, as well as retinal and choroidal thickness data were collected weekly.ResultsWhereas mean (±SEM) interocular differences (treated - fellow) in both SER and AL at week 0 (baseline) were similar for all groups, significant differences between the atropine-treated and control groups were evident by week 6 (SER and AL, P < 0.001). The treated eyes of the control group showed relatively more axial elongation and myopia progression than both the Atr-QD and Atr-Q3D groups. Choroidal blood vessel area also decreased over time in the treated eyes of the control group, coupled with choroidal thinning overall, with these changes being attenuated by atropine. Retinal thickness showed a developmental decrease over the treatment period but was unaffected by atropine.ConclusionsFor this defocus-induced guinea pig model of myopia, application of 1% topical atropine slows myopia progression, even when applied every 3 days.Translational relevanceThe results from this study suggest that the frequency of dosing for topical atropine may be reduced from the widely used daily dosing regimen without loss of myopia control efficacy.
| S-EPMC8963669 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The tandemly duplicated zebrafish lws opsin genes and the human LWS/MWS opsin genes are evolved from a common ancestral long wavelength-sensing opsin gene. This dataset shows that LWS1 vs. LWS2 cone subtypes exhibit transcriptional differences beyond opsin expression.
2023-06-30 | GSE232902 | GEO
Project description:Myopia (nearsightedness) is the most common eye disorder, which is rapidly becoming one of the leading causes of vision loss in several parts of the world because of a recent sharp increase in prevalence. Nearwork, which produces hyperopic optical defocus on the retina, has been implicated as one of the environmental risk factors causing myopia in humans. Experimental studies have shown that hyperopic defocus imposed by negative power lenses placed in front of the eye accelerates eye growth and causes myopia, whereas myopic defocus imposed by positive lenses slows eye growth and produces a compensatory hyperopic shift in refractive state. The balance between these two optical signals is thought to regulate refractive eye development; however, the ability of the retina to recognize the sign of optical defocus and the composition of molecular signaling pathways guiding emmetropization are the subjects of intense investigation and debate. We found that the retina can readily distinguish between imposed myopic and hyperopic defocus, and identified key signaling pathways underlying retinal response to the defocus of different signs. Comparison of retinal transcriptomes in common marmosets exposed to either myopic or hyperopic defocus for 10 days or 5 weeks revealed that the primate retina responds to defocus of different signs by activation or suppression of largely distinct pathways. We also found that 29 genes differentially expressed in the marmoset retina in response to imposed defocus are localized within human myopia quantitative trait loci (QTLs), suggesting functional overlap between genes differentially expressed in the marmoset retina upon exposure to optical defocus and genes causing myopia in humans. These findings identify retinal pathways involved in the development of myopia, as well as potential new strategies for its treatment.
| S-EPMC6177118 | biostudies-literature