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Metastasis-repressive CircRNA MASCOT Regulates Distribution of the Splicing Factor hnRNP M

ABSTRACT: Alternative splicing (AS) diversifies the transcriptome complexity and is usually hijacked by cancer cells. Here, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNP M) as an indispensable contributor to EMT-related AS reprogramming, whose sub-nuclear distribution of hnRNP M is altered in metastatic tumors. Upon TGFβ stimulation, hnRNP M trends to disassociate with a circRNA called MASCOT (hnRNP M-ASsociated Circular RNA Of TGFβ) that demonstrated an impressive inhibitory effect on EMT process and tumor metastasis. Mechanistically, the anti-metastatic effect of MASCOT is attributed to not only its competition with U2 RNA splicing factors to recruit hnRNP M in the nucleoplasm, but also the anchorage of hnRNP M with nucleolin into the nucleolus to cause a temporospatial separation of hnRNP M from spliceosome. Moreover, the correlation between MASCOT expression and hnRNP M sub-nuclear localization was validated in clinical specimens. Our study deciphers the regulatory codes controlling AS networks and highlights MASCOT as a promising therapeutic to treat metastasis.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE165576 | GEO | 2022/09/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level plays an indispensable role during TGFbeta-induced EMT and metastasis. This regulation involves a transcript-selective translational regulatory pathway in which a ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex, consisting of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP E1) and eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (eEF1A1), binds to a 3M-bM-^@M-^Y-UTR regulatory BAT (TGFM-NM-2 activated translation) element and silences translation of Dab2 and ILEI mRNAs, two transcripts which are involved in mediating EMT. TGFbeta activates a kinase cascade terminating in the phosphorylation of hnRNP E1, by isoform-specific stimulation of protein kinase B/Akt2, inducing the release of the mRNP complex from the 3M-bM-^@M-^Y-UTR element, resulting in the reversal of translational silencing and increased expression of Dab2 and ILEI transcripts. We adopted a combinatorial approach involving polysome profiling and RIP-Chip analyses using hnRNP E1 and filtered the array data based on the regulatory mechanism of Dab2 and ILEI. This led to the identification and validation of a cohort of target mRNAs that follow the same pattern of regulation as Dab2 and ILEI. To identify potential target mRNA transcripts that are translationally regulated by hnRNP E1 in a TGF-beta-dependent manner, we adopted a combinatorial approach involving expression profiling analyses and RNA immunoprecipitation analysis (RIP-Chip). We performed a screen using: 1) total mRNA and 2) RNA isolated from monosomal (non-translating) versus polysomal (translating) fractions from TGF-beta-treated (24 h) and non-treated NMuMG cells and from the hnRNP E1 knockdown derivative (E1KD), that undergo constitutive EMT even in the absence of TGF-beta. In addition, we screened for transcripts that selectively interact with hnRNP E1 in NMuMG cells under unstimulated conditions and subsequently lose their temporal association following TGF-beta stimulation. The samples were individually hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChipM-BM-. Mouse Genome 430 2.0 arrays.

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Metastasis-repressive CircRNA MASCOT Regulates Distribution of the Splicing Factor hnRNP M

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