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CCN1 forms a complex with GPC4 and heparin to fine tune signaling activities for embryonic cortical neural stem cell maintenance

ABSTRACT: Radial glial cells (RGCs) are the neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing brain, capable of self-renewing and generating neurons and glia in order. The developmental behaviors of NSCs are determined by extrinsic factors from the NSC niche, together with intrinsic factors. Here, we show that Cellular Communication Network 1 (CCN1), a secreted matricellular protein, is an autocrine factor derived from RGCs in the embryonic telencephalon. Loss of Ccn1 in RGCs leads to accelerated lineage progression of RGCs, and causes premature cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation, resulting in a reduction in NSC pool size, disruption of the cortical projection neurons generation, and in turn, at the expense of the perinatal gliogenesis. Mechanistically, CCN1 interacts with an RGC-expressed membrane protein GPC4, one of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), and is required for GPC4 to maintain NSCs through the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, depending on the binding of heparin to CCN1. Our work provides a potential mechanism for the dynamic and sophisticated interconnections of niche components that meet the needs of context-dependent maintenance, differentiation, and fate determination of NSCs.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE165861 | GEO | 2021/12/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Stem cell functions require activation of stem cell-intrinsic transcriptional programs as well as intimate extracellular interactions with a niche microenvironment. How the core pluripotency transcriptional machinery controls residency of stem cells in the niche microenvironment is unknown. Here we show that the helix loop helix transcriptional regulators Id (Inhibitors of DNA binding) are the master regulators that coordinate stem cell activities with anchorage of neural stem cells (NSCs) to the embryonic and postnatal niche. Conditional inactivation of Id genes (Id1, Id2 and Id3) in the mouse NSC compartment triggered detachment of embryonic and post-natal NSCs from the ventricular and vascular niche respectively, followed by premature differentiation. Through an unbiased interrogation of the gene modules directly targeted by deletion of Id genes in NSCs, we discovered that Id proteins repress the bHLH-mediated activation of Rap1GAP, thus serving to maintain the GTPase activity of RAP1, a key mediator of cell adhesion. Preventing the elevation of Rap1GAP efficiently countered the consequences of Id loss on NSC-niche interaction and stem cell identity. Thus, by preserving anchorage to the extracellular environment of NSCs, Id activity synchronizes NSC functions to residency in the specialized niche. We generated Id-cTKO mice carrying a Cre-recombinase-oestrogen-receptor-T2 (Cre-ER) allele targeted to the ubiquitously expressed ROSA26 locus (Id-cTKO-Rosa-Cre-ER). In this system, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) releases the Cre recombinase inhibition and allows recombination of genomic loxP sites. Indeed, efficient deletion of Id1 and Id2 with complete loss of Id protein expression was detectable after treatment of NSCs with 4-OHT for 72 h. Total RNA was extracted from triplicate samples of Id-cTKO-Rosa-Cre-ER NSCs treated for different times (6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 144 h) with 4-OHT or control vehicle and used for analysis on Illumina MouseWG-6 expression BeadChip. The raw array data was normalized using the Bioconductor package Lumi using quantile normalization.

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CCN1 forms a complex with GPC4 and heparin to fine tune signaling activities for embryonic cortical neural stem cell maintenance

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