TRIM28-dependent SUMOylation protects the adult ovary from the male pathway (ChIP-Seq 1)
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE166383 | GEO | 2022/05/24
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:We study the role of the protein Trim28 in the maintenance of sexual identity of the adult ovary. With the help of conditional knock out (cKO) of Trim28 using the Nr5a1:Cre, we observed that deletion of the Trim28 gene in granulosa cells of the adult ovary induces their transdifferentiation into Sertoli cells, the supporting cell lineage of the testicular seminiferous tubules. FOXL2 expression has disappeared and follicles were completely remodeled into tubular structures with cells that expressed the Sertoli cell markers SOX8, SOX9 and DMRT1. Histological analysis confirmed the progressive reorganization of ovarian follicles into tubular structures and the and the transdifferentiation of granulosa cells by cells with a Sertoli cell morphology.
2022-05-24 | GSE166382 | GEO
Project description:We study the role of the protein Trim28 in the maintenance of sexual identity of the adult ovary. With the help of conditional knock out (cKO) of Trim28 using the Nr5a1:Cre, we observed that deletion of the Trim28 gene in granulosa cells of the adult ovary induces their transdifferentiation into Sertoli cells, the supporting cell lineage of the testicular seminiferous tubules. FOXL2 expression has disappeared and follicles were completely remodeled into tubular structures with cells that expressed the Sertoli cell markers SOX8, SOX9 and DMRT1. Histological analysis confirmed the progressive reorganization of ovarian follicles into tubular structures and the and the transdifferentiation of granulosa cells by cells with a Sertoli cell morphology. TRIM28 acts as a SUMO-E3 ligase by interacting with the SUMO-E2 conjugating enzyme UBC9 (encoded by the Ube2i gene) via the Plant homeodomain (PHD), and can self-SUMOylate. To study in vivo the role of TRIM28-dependent SUMOylation, we generated a point mutation in exon 13 of mouse Trim28 within the PHD domain of the TRIM28 protein (C651F) that abrogates its SUMO-E3 ligase activity. We generated Trim28Phd/cKO mice (termed PHD mutant). Like in cKO ovaries, FOXL2 expression was undetectable, whereas we observed expression of the Sertoli cell markers SOX9, SOX8 and DMRT1 within structures organized in pseudo-tubules in PHD ovaries. Our results indicate that maintenance of the female pathway in the adult ovary depends on the E3-SUMO ligase activity of TRIM28.
2022-05-24 | GSE166384 | GEO
Project description:We used two Sertoli-cell-specific Cre lines: Wt1-CreERT2 and Sox9-CreERT2, to induce Sox9 ablation on a Sox8 -/- background in the adult testis. Sox9/8 double KO testes undergo testis-to-ovary genetic reprogramming and Sertoli-to-granulosa cell transdifferentiation.
2016-06-08 | E-MTAB-4572 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) from Trim28 ovary knockout and wildtype mice ovaries and testis to help elucidate the function of Trim28 in the adult mouse ovaries. The analysis revealed that loss of Trim28 in the adult mouse ovaries lead to a transcriptional repogramming of the Granulosa cells towards the Sertoli cell fate. Therefore, Trim28 has a function to maintain the adult ovarian cell identity
2022-05-24 | GSE166444 | GEO
Project description:FOXL2 is a transcription factor essential for female fertility, expressed in somatic cells of the ovary, notably granulosa cells. In the mouse, Foxl2 deletion leads to partial sex reversal postnatally. However, deletion of the gene in 8-week-old females leads to granulosa to Sertoli cell transdifferentiation. We hypothesised that different outcomes of Foxl2 deletion in embryonic versus adult ovary may depend on a different role played across ovarian development. Therefore, we characterised the dynamics of gene expression and chromatin accessibility changes in purified murine granulosa cells across key developmental stages (E14.5, 1 and 8 weeks). We then performed genome-wide identification of FOXL2 target genes and on-chromatin interacting partners by ChIP-SICAP. We found that FOXL2 regulates more genes at postnatal stages, through the interaction with factors regulating primordial follicle activation (PFA), such as NR5A2, and others regulating steroidogenesis including AR and ESR2. As a proof of principle experiment, we chose one FOXL2 interactor, Ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) and showed that deletion of this gene in granulosa cells leads to a blockage of PFA, impaired ovary development and sterility. Our study constitutes a comprehensive resource for exploration of the molecular mechanisms of ovarian development and causes of female infertility.
2024-03-25 | PXD043951 | Pride
Project description:Sex determination in mammals hinges on a cell fate decision in the fetal bipotential gonad between male Sertoli cells and female granulosa cells. While this decision normally is permanent, loss of key cell fate regulators such as the transcription factors Dmrt1 and Foxl2 can cause postnatal transdifferentiation from Sertoli to granulosa-like or vice versa. Here we examine the mechanism of transdifferentiation in mice carrying either a null mutation of Dmrt1 or a point mutation, R111G, that alters the DNA binding motif and causes human XY gonadal dysgenesis and sex reversal. We first define genes misexpressed during transdifferentiation and then show that female transcriptional regulators driving transdifferentiation in the mutant XY gonad (ESR2, LRH1, FOXL2) bind chromatin sites related to those normally bound in the XX ovary. We then define gene expression changes at the onset of transdifferentiation and abnormal chromatin compartments that may help destabilize cell fate and initiate transdifferentiation. We model the R111G mutation in mice and show that it causes dominant gonadal dysgenesis, analogous to its human phenotype but less severe. We show that R111G partially feminizes the testicular transcriptome and causes dominant disruption of DMRT1 binding specificity in vivo. These data help illuminate how transdifferentiation occurs when sexual cell fate maintenance is disrupted and identify chromatin sites and transcripts that may play key roles in the transdifferentiation process.
2022-09-30 | GSE208106 | GEO
Project description:Transcription factors related to the insect sex determination gene Doublesex (DMRT proteins) control sex determination and/or sexual differentiation in diverse metazoans. They also are implicated in transitions between sex-determining mechanisms during vertebrate evolution. In mice Dmrt1 is required for male gonadal differentiation in somatic cells and germ cells. DMRT1 also maintains male gonadal sex: its loss, even in adults, can trigger sexual fate reprogramming in which male Sertoli cells transdifferentiate into their female equivalents - granulosa cells - and testicular tissue reorganizes to a more ovarian morphology. Here we use a conditional Dmrt1 transgene to show that Dmrt1 is not only necessary but also sufficient to specify male cell identity in the mouse gonad. DMRT1 expression in the ovary silenced the female sex-maintenance gene Foxl2 and reprogrammed juvenile and adult granulosa cells into Sertoli-like cells, triggering formation of structures resembling male seminiferous tubules. DMRT1 can silence Foxl2 even in the absence of the testis-determining genes Sox8 and Sox9. mRNA profiling found that DMRT1 activates many testicular genes and downregulates ovarian genes and single cell RNA-seq in transdifferentiating cells identified dynamically expressed candidate mediators of this process. Strongly upregulated genes were highly enriched on chromosome X, consistent with sexually antagonistic functions. This study provides an in vivo example of single gene reprogramming of cell sexual identity. Our findings suggest a reconsideration of mechanisms involved in human disorders of sexual development (DSD) and empirically support evolutionary models where loss or gain of Dmrt1 function promotes establishment of new vertebrate sex determination systems. RNA-Seq (3 conditions, 2 replicates per condition) and Single Cell RNA-Seq (68 individual cells and 1 bulk cell sample)
2015-02-27 | E-GEOD-64960 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mammalian sexual development commences when fetal bipotential progenitor cells adopt male Sertoli (in XY) or female granulosa (in XX) gonadal cell fates. Differentiation of these cells involves extensive divergence in chromatin state and gene expression, reflecting distinct roles in sexual differentiation and gametogenesis. Surprisingly, differentiated gonadal cell fates require active maintenance through postnatal life to prevent sexual transdifferentiation and female cell fate can be reprogrammed by ectopic expression of the sex regulator DMRT1. Here we examine how DMRT1 reprograms granulosa cells to Sertoli-like cells in vivo and in culture. We define postnatal granulosa- and Sertoli-biased gene expression programs and identify cell type-biased three-dimensional chromatin contacts and differentially accessible chromatin regions (DARs) associated with differentially expressed genes. Using a conditional transgene we find DMRT1 only partially reprograms the ovarian transcriptome in the absence of SOX9 and its paralog SOX8, indicating that these factors functionally cooperate with DMRT1. ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq show that DMRT1 induces formation of many DARs that it binds with SOX9, and DMRT1 is required for binding of SOX9 at most of these sites. We suggest that DMRT1 can act as a pioneer factor to open chromatin and allow binding of SOX9, which then cooperates with DMRT1 to reprogram sexual cell fate.
2021-05-20 | GSE154484 | GEO
Project description:Stable activation of the WNT signaling effector beta-catenin (CTNNB1(ex3) in ovarian granulosa cells results in the formation of premalignant lesions that develop into granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) spontaneously later in life. Loss of the tumor suppressor gene Pten accelerates GCT formation in the CTNNB1 strain. Conversely, expression of oncogenic KRASG12D causes the dramatic arrest of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in granulosa cells, and consequently, small abnormal follicle-like structures devoid of oocytes accumulate in the ovary. Because of the potent anti-proliferative effects of KRASG12D in granulosa cells, we sought to determine if KRASG12D would block precancerous lesion and tumor formation in follicles of the CTNNB1 mutant mice. Unexpectedly, transgenic Ctnnb1;Kras mutant mice developed early-onset GCTs leading to premature death in a manner similar to theCtnnb1;Pten mutant mice. Moreover, the GCTs in the Ctnnb1;Kras mutant mice exhibited increased GC proliferation, decreased apoptosis and impaired differentiation. Microarray and RT-PCR analyses revealed that ovaries from mice expressing dominant-stable CTNNB1 with either Pten loss or KRAS activation were unpredictably similar. Specifically, gene regulatory processes induced by CTNNB1 were mostly enhanced by either KRAS activation or Pten loss in remarkably similar patterns and degree. Furthermore, the concomitant activation of CTNNB1 and KRAS in Sertoli cells resulted in the development of granulosa cell tumors of the testis. RT-PCR studies showed a partial overlap in gene regulatory processes associated with tumor development in the ovary and testis. Together, these results suggest that KRAS activation and Pten loss induce GCT development from premalignant lesions via highly similar molecular mechanisms. four samples: average of two wild type samples (previously submitted as GSM403220 and GSM403221), beta-Catenin constitutively active mutant, beta-Catenin;Pten double mutant, and beta-Catenin;Kras(G12D) double mutant
2011-09-19 | E-GEOD-27656 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Stable activation of the WNT signaling effector beta-catenin (CTNNB1(ex3) in ovarian granulosa cells results in the formation of premalignant lesions that develop into granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) spontaneously later in life. Loss of the tumor suppressor gene Pten accelerates GCT formation in the CTNNB1 strain. Conversely, expression of oncogenic KRASG12D causes the dramatic arrest of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in granulosa cells, and consequently, small abnormal follicle-like structures devoid of oocytes accumulate in the ovary. Because of the potent anti-proliferative effects of KRASG12D in granulosa cells, we sought to determine if KRASG12D would block precancerous lesion and tumor formation in follicles of the CTNNB1 mutant mice. Unexpectedly, transgenic Ctnnb1;Kras mutant mice developed early-onset GCTs leading to premature death in a manner similar to theCtnnb1;Pten mutant mice. Moreover, the GCTs in the Ctnnb1;Kras mutant mice exhibited increased GC proliferation, decreased apoptosis and impaired differentiation. Microarray and RT-PCR analyses revealed that ovaries from mice expressing dominant-stable CTNNB1 with either Pten loss or KRAS activation were unpredictably similar. Specifically, gene regulatory processes induced by CTNNB1 were mostly enhanced by either KRAS activation or Pten loss in remarkably similar patterns and degree. Furthermore, the concomitant activation of CTNNB1 and KRAS in Sertoli cells resulted in the development of granulosa cell tumors of the testis. RT-PCR studies showed a partial overlap in gene regulatory processes associated with tumor development in the ovary and testis. Together, these results suggest that KRAS activation and Pten loss induce GCT development from premalignant lesions via highly similar molecular mechanisms.
2011-09-20 | GSE27656 | GEO