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Loss of MBD2 Attenuates MLL-AF9-Driven Leukemogenesis By Reducing Leukemic Cell Cycling via CDKN1C

ABSTRACT: Emerging evidence supports that MBD2, a DNA methylation reader, often participated in the transcriptional silencing of hypermethylated genes in cancer cells. Nevertheless, the role of MBD2 in AML remains elusive. Herein, by using MLL-AF9 murine model and human AML cell line, we observed that loss of MBD2 could delay the initiation and propagation of leukemia through serial transplantation experiments. MBD2 depletion significantly reduced the leukemia burden by decreasing the frequency of leukemic stem cells (LSCs), coupled with inhibiting leukemia proliferation, thereby allowing leukemia blasts develop to a more mature state reflecting normal myelopoiesis. Both gene expression analyses and bioinformatic studies revealed that MBD2 negatively modulated the genes related to myeloid differentiation and was necessary to sustain MLL-AF9 oncogenic induced gene programs. We further demonstrated that MBD2 could promote LSC cell cycle progression through epigenetic regulation of CDKN1C transcription by binding to its promoter region. Taken together, our data suggested that MBD2 promotes AML development and could be a therapeutic target of myeloid malignancies.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE166610 | GEO | 2022/02/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Loss of MBD2 Attenuates MLL-AF9-Driven Leukemogenesis By Reducing Leukemic Cell Cycling via CDKN1C

Project description:Loss of MBD2 Attenuates MLL-AF9-Driven Leukemogenesis By Reducing Leukemic Cell Cycling via CDKN1C

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POLR2M-mediated paused transcription silences tumor suppressor MIR139 in MLL-AF9 AML

Project description:MIR139 is a critical tumor suppressor and commonly silenced in human cancer, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we found that depletion of identified MIR139 targets affects AML outgrowth. We unraveled the mechanism of MIR139 gene inactivation in AML expressing the Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (MLL)-AF9 oncogene. Epigenetic analyses revealed two well-conserved putative enhancer regions in close proximity of transcriptional start sites (TSS) of MIR139. These regions were silenced by the Polycomb-Repressive Complex-2 (PRC2) downstream of MLL-AF9. Genomic deletion of these regions abolished MIR139 transcriptional regulation in normal and oncogenic conditions. Genome-wide knockout screens revealed the transcriptional pausing factor of RNA Polymerase-II, POLR2M, as a critical MIR139-silencing factor. Furthermore, direct POLR2M binding to the MIR139 TSS induced paused transcription, which was abrogated upon PRC2 inhibition. We present evidence for an oncogenic POLR2M-mediated MIR139 silencing mechanism, downstream of MLL-AF9 and PRC2. Together, our findings highlight the importance of POLR2M-mediated paused transcription in AML.

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AML mouse models

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE30745: Expression data from murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells following shRNA-mediated suppression of Myb GSE30746: Expression data from murine Tet-off MLL-AF9/Ras acute myeloid leukemia cell lines following withdrawal of MLL-AF9 Refer to individual Series

2011-08-04 | E-GEOD-30747 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA sequencing expression analysis of murine Tet-off MLL-AF9;NRAS acute myeloid leukemia cells over-expressing Id2 and upon MLL-AF9 withdrawal

2016-06-29 | GSE68462 | GEO

RNA sequencing expression analysis of murine MLL-AF9;NRAS acute myeloid leukemia cells silenced for E2-2.

2016-06-29 | GSE80745 | GEO

RNA sequencing expression analysis of murine Tet-off MLL-AF9;NRAS acute myeloid leukemia cells over-expressing Id2 and upon MLL-AF9 withdrawal

Project description:We investigated the role of the transcriptional regulator Id2 in the context of MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using an AML mouse model driven by tet-regulated MLL-AF9 co-expressed with oncogenic NRASG12D (Tet-off MLL-AF9), we demonstrated that MLL-AF9 regulates the E protein pathway by suppressing Id2, while activating the expression of its target E2-2. Moreover, we found that Id2 over-expression in Tet-Off MLL-AF9 AML cells in vitro partially phenocopies MLL-AF9 depletion and results inhibition of leukemia growth, loss of leukemia stem cell-associated gene expression pattern and induction of differentiation. To compare gene expression changes associated with enforced Id2 expression and MLL-AF9 withdrawal, RNA sequencing analysis was performed on Tet-off MLL-AF9 cells transduced with an Id2 over-expressing or a control vector, or upon MLL-AF9 dox-inducible knock-down. Primary AMLs driven by Tet-off inducible MLL/AF9 expression linked to dsRED reporter, in association with oncogenic NRASG12D (Tet-off MLL-AF9) were generated by reconstituting lethally irradiated congenic mice with foetal liver cells co-transduced with a Tet-Off-MLL-AF9-dRED retroviral vector and a second vector co-expressing NRASG12D together with the Tet-Off responsive transcriptional activator. RNA sequencing analysis sequencing analysis was performed on Tet-Off MLL-AF9/dsRED+ AML cells treated in vitro with doxycycline (DOX) for 4 days to inactivate MLL-AF9 expression or left untreated (UT). For the Id2 over-expression experiment, Tet-Off MLL-AF9/dsRED+ AML cells were transduced in vitro with an Id2-GFP or a control-GFP retroviral vector. Viable GFP-positive cells were FACS-sorted 2 days after transduction and used for RNA sequencing analysis.

2016-06-29 | E-GEOD-68462 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hematopoietic cell differentiation is required for initiation of acute myeloid leukemia [Microarray expression]

Project description:Leukemia initiating cells (LICs) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may arise from self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and from committed progenitors. However, it remains unclear how leukemia-associated oncogenes instruct LIC formation from cells of different origins and if differentiation along the normal hematopoietic hierarchy is involved. Here, using murine models with the driver mutations MLL-AF9 or MOZ-TIF2, we found that regardless of the transformed cell types, myelomonocytic differentiation to the granulocyte macrophage progenitor (GMP) stage is critical for LIC generation. Blocking myeloid differentiation through disrupting the lineage-restricted transcription factor C/EBPa eliminates GMPs, blocks normal granulopoiesis, and prevents AML development. In contrast, restoring myeloid differentiation through inflammatory cytokines “rescues” AML transformation. Our findings identify myeloid differentiation as a critical step in LIC formation and AML development, thus guiding new therapeutic approaches. Primary KSL, CMP, and GMP cells from wildtype controls and C/Ebpa knockouts were used for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We also compared the microarray samples of leukemic granulocyte macrophage progenitor compartments (L-GMPs) from MLL-AF9 transformed control or cytokine rescued C/EBPa KO leukemic mouse bone marrow and their secondary recipients with those non-Leukemia KSLs and CMPs from MLL-AF9 transduecd KO recipients with no leukemia development.

2015-08-04 | E-GEOD-71687 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hematopoietic cell differentiation is required for initiation of acute myeloid leukemia

2014-09-17 | E-GEOD-61468 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Hes1 is responsible for Notch signaling-mediated suppression of acute myeloid leukemia development

Project description:In leukemogenesis Notch signaling can be up- and down-regulated in a context-dependent manner. Here we report that deletion of hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) promotes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development induced by the MLL-AF9 fusion protein. Subsequently, the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) was up-regulated in mouse cells of a Hes1- or RBP-J-null background. MLL-AF9-expressing Hes1-null AML cells showed enhanced proliferation and ERK phosphorylation following FLT3 ligand stimulation. FLT3 inhibition efficiently abrogated proliferation of MLL-AF9-induced Hes1-null AML cells. Furthermore, an agonistic anti-Notch2 antibody induced apoptosis of MLL-AF9-induced AML cells in a Hes1-wild type but not a Hes1-null background. These observations demonstrate that Hes1 mediates tumor suppressive roles of Notch signaling in AML development by down-regulating FLT3 expression. 4 samples are analyzed, two pairs of MLL-AF9/Hes1-/- and MLL-AF9/Hes1+/+ leukemic bone marrows.

2017-05-02 | E-GEOD-50234 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA sequencing expression analysis of murine MLL-AF9;NRAS acute myeloid leukemia cells silenced for E2-2.

Project description:We investigated the role of the transcriptional regulators Id2 and E2-2 (encoded by Tcf4) in the context of MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using an AML mouse model driven by a Tet-off inducible MLL-AF9 allele co-expressed with oncogenic NRASG12D, we demonstrated that MLL-AF9 regulates the E protein pathway by suppressing Id2, while activating the expression of its target E2-2. Moreover, we found that Id2 over-expression in MLL-AF9 AML cells results inhibition of leukemia growth, loss of leukemia stem cell-associated gene expression pattern and induction of differentiation. E2-2 silencing phenocopies Id2 overexpression in MLL-AF9-AML cells. To study the gene expression changes associated with E2-2 depletion in the context of MLL-rearranged AML, RNA sequencing analysis was performed on MLL-AF9;NRAS AML cells transduced with vectors expressing hairpins against E2-2 (shTcf4#654 and shTcf4#3646) or a control hairpin against Renilla luciferase (shRen). Primary AMLs driven by MLL/AF9 expression linked to cherry reporter, in association with oncogenic NRASG12D (MLL/AF9;NRAS) were generated by reconstituting lethally irradiated congenic mice with fetal liver cells co-transduced with the MSCV-MLL/AF9-IRES-cherry retroviral vector and a second vector co-expressing NRASG12D together with luciferase (MSCV-luciferase-IRES-NRASG12D). RNA sequencing analysis sequencing analysis was performed on MLL-AF9;NRAS AML cells transduced in vitro with vectors expressing hairpins against E2-2 (shTcf4#654 and shTcf4#3646) or a control hairpin against Renilla luciferase (shRen) linked to the reporter GFP. Viable GFP-positive cells were FACS-sorted 2 days after transduction and used for RNA sequencing analysis. Two independent biological replicates of the experiment were used for the RNA sequencing (9-5-14 and 14-4-14).

2016-06-29 | E-GEOD-80745 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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