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SARS-CoV-2 Invades the Central Nervous System via the Olfactory Route in Rhesus Monkeys

ABSTRACT: Purpose: Neurological manifestations are frequently reported in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the neuroinvasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 remains to be determined. In this study, we explored the neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 via our established non-human primate (NHP) model of COVID-19. Single-cell sequencing was conducted to comprehensively determine effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the CNS in consideration of the its cellular heterogeneity. Methods: Rhesus monkeys (3-5 kg, 3-5years old) were used for this study. One monkey were intranasally infected with 1x 10^7 PFU of SARS-CoV-2 in 1mL of PBS, and another monkey was intracranially injected with 1x10^6 of SARS-CoV-2 in 200 µl of PBS. One monkey was intranasally and intracranially treated with PBS as a control. We analyzed the tissues collected on the 4 dpi and 7dpi following intranasal inoculation and on the 9 dpi following intracranial inoculation. Two thousand cells were used to create 5 different clusters, including microglia, mature neurons, oligodendrocytes, endothelial vascular cells, and astrocytes. Single-cell sequencing of were sequenced by an Illumina Novaseq6000 sequencer, the sequencing depth of each cell was at least 100,000 reads, and the paired-end 150 bp (PE150) reading strategy was adopted. Results and Conclusions: Single-cell sequencing data showed that mitochondrial-related genes ND3, ATP6 and COX3 were down-regulated in mature neurons, oligodendrocytes, endothelial vascular cells and microglia in the hippocampus, primary olfactory cortex, and cerebral cortex infected with SARS-CoV-2.

ORGANISM(S): Macaca mulatta

PROVIDER: GSE167319 | GEO | 2021/04/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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