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SCD inhibition reverses immune, synaptic and behavioral deficits in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease [scRNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Early- and late-onset forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) share common features that include abnormalities in lipid metabolism, immune response and synaptic function. Of these, the role of lipids remains the least understood. Our study revealed that molecular functions related to Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD), the rate limiting enzyme in monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis were specifically altered in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD (a model of early-onset AD). Remarkably, infusion of an SCD inhibitor (SCDi) reversed 40% of altered immune and synapse genes, rescue dendritic spine number and structure, recovered activity-associated immediate-early gene expression and restored learning and memory in 3xTg-AD mice. In addition, we employed single cell RNA sequencing to characterize the cellular landscape of microglia subpopulations within the 3xTg hippocampus and uncovered that SCDi reversed microglial activation and polarization. Together, we show that a single lipid enzyme, SCD, impinges on the core features of AD.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE167600 | GEO | 2022/02/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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SCD inhibition reverses immune, synaptic and behavioral deficits in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease [bulk RNA-Seq]

Project description:Early- and late-onset forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) share common features that include abnormalities in lipid metabolism, immune response and synaptic function. Of these, the role of lipids remains the least understood. Our study revealed that molecular functions related to Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD), the rate limiting enzyme in monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis were specifically altered in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD (a model of early-onset AD). Remarkably, infusion of an SCD inhibitor (SCDi) reversed 40% of altered immune and synapse genes, rescue dendritic spine number and structure, recovered activity-associated immediate-early gene expression and restored learning and memory in 3xTg-AD mice. In addition, we employed single cell RNA sequencing to characterize the cellular landscape of microglia subpopulations within the 3xTg hippocampus and uncovered that SCDi reversed microglial activation and polarization. Together, we show that a single lipid enzyme, SCD, impinges on the core features of AD.

2022-02-25 | GSE167601 | GEO

Expression data from Alzheimer's disease model mouse

Project description:To identify molecular pathological alterations in AD brains, we performed interspecies comparative microarray analyses using RNAs prepared from postmortem human brain tissues donated for the Hisayama study and hippocampal RNAs from the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) Three-way ANOVA of microarray data from frontal cortex, temporal cortex and hippocampus with presence/absence of AD and vascular dementia, and sex, as factors revealed that the gene expression profile is most significantly altered in the hippocampi of AD brains. Comparative analyses of the brains of AD patients and a mouse model of AD showed that genes involved in non-insulin dependent DM and obesity were significantly altered in both, as were genes related to psychiatric disorders and AlzheimerM-bM-^@M-^Ys disease. 3xTg-AD-H mice harboring a homozygous Psen1M146V mutation and homozygous mutant transgenes for APPSwe and tauP301L, 3xTg-AD-h mice harboring hemizygous APPSwe and tauP301L transgenes with a homozygous Psen1M146V mutation, and non-transgenic control mice (non-Tg) were used in this study, (male, n=3 for each group). RNA samples prepared from hippocampi were subjected to microarray analysis using the Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST platform (GPL6246).

2013-04-17 | E-GEOD-36981 | biostudies-arrayexpress

microRNA-132/212 deficiency enhances Ab production and senile plaque deposition in Alzheimerâs disease triple transgenic mice

Project description:The abnormal regulation of amyloid-b (Ab) metabolism (e.g., production, cleavage, clearance) plays a central role in Alzheimerâs disease (AD). Among endogenous factors believed to participate in AD progression are the small regulatory non-coding microRNAs (miRs). In particular, the miR-132/212 cluster is severely reduced in the AD brain. In previous studies we have shown that miR-132/212 deficiency in mice leads to impaired memory and enhanced Tau pathology as seen in AD patients. Here we demonstrate that the genetic deletion of miR-132/212 promotes Ab deposition and amyloid (senile) plaque formation in triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice. Using RNA-Seq and bioinformatics, we identified genes of the miR-132/212 network with documented roles in the regulation of Ab metabolism, including Tau, Mapk, and Sirt1. We used RNA-Seq to analyse the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice lacking the miR-132/212 cluster as well as Neuro2a cells overexpressing miR-132 mimics.

2016-07-17 | E-GEOD-84481 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Regulation of SCD and fatty acid saturation by MITF controls melanoma phenotypic plasticity

Project description:The ability of cancer cells to switch phenotype in response to a dynamic intra-tumor microenvironment is a major barrier to effective therapy. In melanoma, down-regulation of the lineage addiction oncogene MITF (Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) is a hallmark of the proliferative-to-invasive phenotype switch. Yet how MITF promotes proliferation and suppresses invasion is poorly understood. Here we show that expression of the key lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is activated by MITF, but suppressed by the stress-responsive transcription factor ATF4. SCD expression is required for MITF-positive melanoma cell proliferation,. By contrast, MITF-low cells express reduced levels of SCD and are insensitive to its inhibition, indicating that cell phenotype dictates response to drugs targeting lipid metabolism. Since SCD suppresses inflammatory signalling and ATF4 expression, the results identify a positive feedback-loop that can maintain an invasive phenotype, uncover a key role for MITF and ATF4 in metabolic reprograming, and reveal fatty acid composition as a driver of melanoma phenotype-switching.

2019-11-19 | PXD010254 | Pride

Scd-1 deficiency promotes the differentiation of CD8+ T effector

Project description:The impact of various fatty acid types on adaptive immunity remains uncertain, and their roles remain unelucidated. In this study, we showed that the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Scd-1) and its resulting compound, oleic acid (OA), have a substantial impact on the transformation of CD8+ naïve T cells into effector T cells. Inactivation of Scd-1 triggers the specialization of CD8+ T cells into the Teff subset, enhancing the effector function and mitochondrial metabolism of Teff cells, and OA can partially counteract this.

2024-01-25 | GSE253770 | GEO

Transcriptomes of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells from the subgranular zone (SGZ) of Wild Type (NTG) and 3xTg-AD mice at juvenile age

Project description:The goals of this study are to compare transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) in wild-type (NTG) and 3xTg-AD mice, to determine the transcriptomal changes of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPC) from the SGZ at early stages of Alzheimer's Disease in a mouse model. Methods: A tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible Nestin-CreERT2;ROSA26-EYFP reporter mouse line was cross-bred with NTG or 3xTG-AD mice to label NSPC upon TAM administration. YFP-positive NSPCs were sorted through FACS (Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting) 10 days after TAM from NTG; Nestin-CreERT2;ROSA26-EYFP and 3xTg-AD;Nestin-CreERT2;ROSA26-EYFP mice. RNA was extracted with RNeasy Micro Kit and deep-sequenced on the NovaSeq SP flowcell SR200 platform. The sequence reads of Fastq files that passed quality filters were aligned to the mouse genome (build mm10) using hisat2. Samtools was used to index the BAM files. DESeq2 was used to establish differential gene expression between NTG and 3xTg-AD samples. Results: We mapped about 48 million sequence reads per sample to the mouse genome (build mm10) and identified 1391 genes that were differentially expressed in the 3xTg-AD, with 720 down- and 671 up-regulated. Genes were considered significantly different between two genotypes if they meet the following criteria: 1) adjusted p-value < 0.05, and 2) log2 fold change > 0.5 or < -0.5. Conclusions: Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes uncovered several pathways that may contribute to early neural stem cell decline in the 3xTg mice. Our results revealed very early perturbations in the SGZ neurogenic niche in the 3xTg mouse model of AD, manifested by intrinsic molecular changes in neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPC) at juvenile age, resulting in dysregulated neural stem cell homeostasis.

2023-02-15 | GSE218323 | GEO

NHLBI TOPMed: Outcome Modifying Gene in SCD (OMG-SCD)

Project description:NHLBI TOPMed: Outcome Modifying Gene in SCD (OMG-SCD)

| PRJNA472122 | ENA

NHLBI TOPMed: Outcome Modifying Gene in SCD (OMG-SCD)

Project description:NHLBI TOPMed: Outcome Modifying Gene in SCD (OMG-SCD)

| PRJNA472123 | ENA

Whole Blood Transcriptome Characterization of 3xTg-AD Mouse and its modulation by transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

Project description:The 3xTg-AD mouse is a widely used model in the study of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). It has been extensively characterized both from the anatomical and behavioral point of view but poorly studied at the transcriptomic level. For the first time, this study characterizes the whole blood transcriptome of the 3xTg-AD mouse at three and six months of age and evaluates how gene expression is modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). RNA-seq analysis revealed 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were a direct signature of the genetic background of the mouse. The expression profile of age-related genes in the 3 months-old 3xTg-AD mice was more similar to that of 6 months rather than 3 months-control mice, suggesting a premature aging of the 3xTg-AD mice. Moreover, in the 6 months-old 3xTg-AD mice, we observed a high number of DEGs that could represent good peripheral biomarkers of AD progression. Finally, tDCS was associated with gene expression changes in the 3xTg-AD but not in the control mice. In conclusion, this study provides a better molecular characterization of the 3xTg-AD mouse and suggests that blood gene expression can be used to identify new biomarkers of AD progression and treatments effect.

2021-07-19 | GSE178662 | GEO

Lineage-restricted regulation of SCD and fatty acid saturation by MITF controls melanoma phenotypic plasticity

Project description:Phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity within tumors is a major barrier to effective cancer therapy. Yet how metabolism is implicated in specific phenotypes, and whether lineage-restricted mechanisms control key metabolic vulnerabilities remains poorly understood. In melanoma, down-regulation of the lineage addiction oncogene Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor (MITF) is a hallmark of the proliferative-to-invasive phenotype switch, though how MITF promotes proliferation and suppresses invasion is poorly defined. Here we show that MITF is a lineage restricted activator of the key lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), and that SCD is required for MITFHigh melanoma cell proliferation. By contrast MITFLow cells are insensitive to SCD inhibition. Significantly, the MITF-SCD axis suppresses metastasis, inflammatory signalling, and an ATF4-mediated feedback-loop that maintains dedifferentiation. Our results reveal that MITF is a lineagespecific regulator of metabolic reprogramming, whereby fatty acid composition is a driver of melanoma phenotype-switching, and highlight that cell phenotype dictates response to drugs targeting lipid metabolism.

2019-10-16 | GSE137390 | GEO

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