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TIME-COURSE GENE EXPRESSION OF Metharizium anisopliae GROWING IN PLANT ROOT EXUDATE

ABSTRACT: The presence of genetic groups of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in soil is shaped by its adaptability to specific soil and habitat types, and by soil insect populations. Although the entomopathogenic life style of this fungus is well studied, its saprophytic life style has received little consideration. While a set of functionally related genes can be commonly expressed for the adaptability of this fungus to different environments (insect cuticle, insect blood and root exudates), a different subset of genes is also expected for each environment. In order to increase the knowledge of the potential use of M. anisopliae as a rhizosphere competent organism, in this study we evaluated the genetic expression of this fungus while growing on plant root exudates in laboratory conditions during a time course.

ORGANISM(S): Metarhizium anisopliae

PROVIDER: GSE16848 | GEO | 2010/12/29

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA117623

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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TIME-COURSE GENE EXPRESSION OF Metharizium anisopliae GROWING IN PLANT ROOT EXUDATE

Project description:The presence of genetic groups of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in soil is shaped by its adaptability to specific soil and habitat types, and by soil insect populations. Although the entomopathogenic life style of this fungus is well studied, its saprophytic life style has received little consideration. While a set of functionally related genes can be commonly expressed for the adaptability of this fungus to different environments (insect cuticle, insect blood and root exudates), a different subset of genes is also expected for each environment. In order to increase the knowledge of the potential use of M. anisopliae as a rhizosphere competent organism, in this study we evaluated the genetic expression of this fungus while growing on plant root exudates in laboratory conditions during a time course. One fungal strain: Metarhizium anisopliae ARSEF 2575; Five time conditions: 0h, 1h, 4h, 8h, 12h; Five-condition experiment: Time0h vs. Time1h, Time1h vs. Time4h, Time4h vs. Time8h, Time8h vs. Time12h and Time12h vs. Time0h. Two Biological replicates: independently grown and harvested. Three replicates per array. Dye-swap was performed on replicate 2.

2010-12-29 | E-GEOD-16848 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in one of the best studied insect biocontrol fungus, which infects insects by cuticle penetration. After breaking the cuticles, the fungus will propagate in insect hemocoel and kill insect hosts. It has also been found that the mycelia of B. bassiana can penetrate plant tissues to reach insect inside plant, e.g. corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), but do not cause damage to plants. The mechanism of fungal physiological plasticity is poorly understood. To accompany our genome sequencing work of B. bassiana strain ARSEF 2860, fungal transcriptional responses to different niches were studied using an Illumina RNA_seq technique. To examine fungal response to insect cuticle, conidia were inoculated on locust hind wings for 24 hours before used for RNA extraction. To evaluate fungal adaptation to insect hemocole, the fifth instar larvae of cotton bollworms were injected with spore suspension and fungal cells isolated by centrifugation in a step gradient buffer. To unveil the mechanism of interaction with plants, the fungus was grown in corn root exudates for 24 hours. After RNA sequencing, around three million tags were acquired for each sample and fungal transcriptional profiles were compared. Unveiling gene differential expression patterns when the insect biocontrol fungus Beauveria bassiana grown in insect hemocoel, corn root exudates and on insect cuticles.

2012-07-10 | E-GEOD-32699 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome sequencing and transcriptional profiling of the insect biocontrol fungus Beauveria bassiana

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Transfection of entomopathogenic Metarhizium species with a novel mycovirus confers hypervirulence against two lepidopteran pests

Project description:Although most known mycoviruses are asymptomatic or reduce the virulence of their host fungi, those that confer hypervirulence to entomopathogenic fungus still need to be explored. Here, we discovered and studied a novel mycovirus in Metarhizium flavoviride, isolated from Laodelphax striatellus. Based on molecular analysis, we tentatively designated the mycovirus as Metarhizium flavoviride partitivirus 1 (MfPV1), a novel species in genus Gammapartitivirus, family Partitiviridae. MfPV1 has two double-stranded (ds) RNAs as its genome, 1,775 and 1,575 bp in size respectively, encapsidated in isometric particles. When we transfected commercial strains of M. anisopliae and M. pingshaense with MfPV1, conidiation was significantly enhanced (t-test; P-value < 0. 01), and the significantly higher mortality rates of the larvae of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera frugiperda, two important lepidopteran pests were found in virus-transfected strains (ANOVA; P-value < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that transcript levels of pathogenesis-related genes in MfPV1-infected M. anisopliae were obviously altered, suggesting increased production of metarhizium adhesin-like protein, hydrolyzed protein and destruxin synthetase. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism whereby MfPV1 enhances the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and virulence of Metarhizium to lepidopteran pests. This study presents experimental evidence that the transfection of other entomopathogenic fungal species with a mycovirus can confer significant hypervirulence and provides a good example that mycoviruses could be used as synergistic agent to enhance the biocontrol activity of entomopathogenic fungi.

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Comparative transcriptomics reveal contrasting fungal strategies in a plant pathogen (Fusarium graminearum) versus an endophyte (Metarhizium anisopliae) during initial host colonization

Project description:Conidial germination marks the beginning of the fungal life cycle, and understanding the genes associated with conidial germination provides insights into fungal pathogenicity and host interactions. Here, we use comparative transcriptomics to demonstrate the transcriptional similarities and differences during conidial germination and initial colony establishment in a plant pathogenic and an endophytic fungus, Fusarium graminearum and M. anisopliae, respectively. We compared the transcriptomes of F. graminearum and M. anisopliae across four stages of conidial germination: fresh conidia, polar growth, hyphal extension, and either first hyphal branching (on medium) or appressorium formation (on barley). F. graminearum exhibited a higher upregulation of CAZyme, specialized metabolite and effector genes compared to M. anisopliae during interaction with the host, particularly in the appressorium stage, reflecting its pathogenic nature. The appressorium structures formed when M. anisopliae conidia germinated on the host. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the fungus produced reduced transcript levels of CAZyme and specialized metabolite genes reflecting a less aggressive host penetration approach. The candidate genes associated with IAA synthesis were upregulated in M. anisopliae during the appressorium stage, supporting its endophytic lifestyle and suggests that the fungus uses a phytohormone based strategy to interact with plant hosts. Collectively, our findings expand the transcriptome resources and provide valuable insights into the gene networks involved in conidial germination and initiation of infection in pathogenic versus endophytic fungus.

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Comparative transcriptomics reveal contrasting fungal strategies in a plant pathogen versus an endophyte during initial host colonization

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Project description:Root exudates play an important role in plant-microbe interaction. The transcriptional profilings of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 in response to maize root exudates under static condition, were investigated by an Illumina RNA-seq for understanding the regulatory roles of the root exudates.

2014-11-01 | GSE54987 | GEO

Rhizophagus irregularis gene regulation in response to rice root exudates

Project description:Purpose: The recent publication of the fungal mutualist R. irregularis genome facilitated transcriptomic studies. We here adress the gene regulation of R. irregularis in response to root exudates from rice wild-type and osnope1 (no perception candidate - mutant unable to host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) Methods: Spores of R. irregularis were treated with root exudates and collected at 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days after addition. To monitor fungal gene regulation, control conditions were also prepared at T0, 1h, 24h and 7d. mRNA were sequenced by HiSeq Illumina. Reads were mapped on the Rhizophagus irregularis genome assembly (Gloin1 - Tisserant et al., PNAS, 2013) using CLCworkbench suite. Results: -At 1h, a set of 92 fungal genes were found up-regulated in response to wt root exudates (92), not to osnope1 root exudates, many of them being involved in cell signaling. -At 24h and 7d, numerous genes putatively involved in primary metabolism were up-regulated in response to wt root exudates, not in response to osnope1 root exudates -Several vital genes involved in cell development are repressed in response to osnope1 RE compared to wt RE. Conclusions: these results argue for a high metabolic activity induced by wt root exudates, not by osnope1 root exudates.

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