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Mast cells trap and cannibalize swarming neutrophils for metabolic independence

ABSTRACT: Neutrophils are activated and attracted to sites of anaphylaxis by degranulating tissue resident mast cells. After they facilitate inflammation and an anti-microbial immune response. However, the dynamics of neutrophils and direct interactions with mast cells are poorly investigated yet. By approaching 2-photon intravital microscopy and live cell imaging, we show that degranulating mast cells induce neutrophil swarming by releasing leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Attracted neutrophils interact with mast cells and surprisingly penetrate inside mast cells where they are stably trapped inside mast cell granules. We call this novel form of cell-in-cell structure “Mast Cell Intracellular Trap” (MIT). Trapped neutrophils and mast cells are both viable in the first 12 hours after MIT formation. However, neutrophils start to dye after 12hrs and translatome analysis of mast cells revealed improved mast cell metabolism and recovery. Therefore, neutrophils allow a faster and more efficient mast cell re-stimulation. Furthermore, mast cells get more resistant to extracellular nutrient limitations. Thus, beside their inflammatory role in anaphylaxis, neutrophils support mast cell recovery by forming a cell in cell structure. This might affect chronic inflammation and recurrent infections.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE168801 | GEO | 2024/06/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Mast cell intracellular traps (MIT) release neutrophil effector proteins during degranulation and nexocytosis

Project description:Degranulating mast cells (MCs) release inflammatory mediators (proteins, lipids, small molecules), including chemokines and chemoattractants, which recruit other immune cells in tissues. Neutrophils can initiate self-amplifying swarming responses via intercellular communication through the lipid leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Initially discovered by two-photon intravital microscopy in mice and confocal live cell imaging, we show that degranulating MCs release LTB4 and exploit this attractant by re-directing neutrophils to MCs. In a process generally termed entosis, neutrophil cluster formation around MCs results in the trapping of living neutrophils inside MC vacuoles in vivo and in vitro. Thus, we identify a novel cell-in-cell structure between MCs and neutrophils, which we term “Mast Cell Intracellular Trap” (MIT). Compared to MCs, MITs revealed improved MC metabolism and recovery after degranulation. This leads to several benefits for MITs: (1) they can be more efficiently re-stimulated than MCs, (2) they show improved survival under nutrient limitation, and (3) MITs store neutrophil proteins, DNA and effector molecules, which can be released after re-stimulation. In this context, we compare the secretome (secreted proteins) of MCs and MITs (in cell culture) before and subsequent to degranulation via label-free nanoLC-MS. In summary, mast cells trap and cannibalize swarming neutrophils, which supply nutrients, proteins and inflammatory molecules to recovering MCs. Our studies may have potential implications for chronically activated MCs in MC-related immune disorders.

2024-06-18 | PXD044140 | Pride

Neutrophil trapping and nexocytosis are mast cell processes for inflammatory signal relay

Project description:Neutrophils are sentinel immune cells with essential roles for our anti-microbial defense. Most of our knowledge on neutrophil trafficking and tissue navigation derived from models of sterile inflammation and infection. Here, we analyzed allergen-challenged mouse tissues and discovered that degranulating mast cells (MCs) trap living neutrophils inside them. MCs release the attractant leukotriene B4 to re-route neutrophils toward them, thus exploiting a chemotactic system which neutrophils normally use for intercellular communication. Neutrophils die as a consequence of mast cell intracellular trap (MIT) formation, but their undigested material remains stored inside MC vacuoles over days. MCs can use this debris to increase their functional and metabolic fitness. Additionally, they can also exocytose active neutrophilic compounds with a time delay (nexocytosis) and elicit a pro-inflammatory type 1 interferon response in surrounding macrophages. Together, our study highlights neutrophil trapping and nexocytosis as mast cell-dependent processes, which may relay neutrophilic features over the course of chronic allergic inflammation.

2024-06-07 | GSE239647 | GEO

Effects of group III phospholipase A2 deficiency in mast cells on fibroblast-directed maturation of mast cells in vitro

2013-03-09 | GSE44980 | GEO

Mast Cell Maturation is Driven via a Novel Group III Phospholipase A2-Prostaglandin D2-DP1 Receptor Paracrine Axis

Project description:Microenvironment-based alterations in mast cell phenotypes influence the susceptibility to anaphylaxis, yet the mechanisms underlying proper maturation of mast cells toward an anaphylaxis-sensitive phenotype are incompletely understood. Here we report that PLA2G3, a mammalian homolog of anaphylactic bee venom phospholipase A2, regulates this process. PLA2G3 secreted from mast cells is coupled with fibroblastic lipocalin-type PGD2 synthase (L-PGDS) to provide PGD2, which facilitates mast cell maturation via PGD2 receptor (DP1). Mice lacking PLA2G3, L-PGDS or DP1, mast cell-deficient mice reconstituted with PLA2G3- or DP1-null mast cells, or mast cells cocultured with L-PGDS-ablated fibroblasts exhibited impaired mast cell maturation and anaphylaxis. Thus, we describe a lipid-driven PLA2G3-L-PGDS-DP1 loop that drives mast cell maturation. Mast cell maturation; immature and mature bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs); Four-condition experiment (mature BMMCs vs immature BMMCs, Pla2g3M-bM-^@M-^S/M-bM-^@M-^S vs Pla2g3+/+); 3 replicates of Pla2g3+/+ BMMCs, 4 replicates of Pla2g3M-bM-^@M-^S/M-bM-^@M-^S BMMCs, 4 replicates of Pla2g3+/+ cocultured BMMCs, 3 replicates of Pla2g3M-bM-^@M-^S/M-bM-^@M-^S cocultured BMMCs

2013-03-09 | E-GEOD-44980 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Stem cell factor programs the mast cell activation phenotype

Project description:Mast cells, activated by antigen via the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI), release an array of pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to allergic disorders such as asthma and anaphylaxis. The KIT ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), is critical for mast cell expansion, differentiation and survival, and, under acute conditions, enhances mast cell activation. However, extended SCF exposure in vivo conversely protects against fatal antigen-mediated anaphylaxis. In investigating this dichotomy, we identified a novel mode of regulation of the mast cell activation phenotype through SCF-mediated programming. We found that mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells chronically exposed to SCF displayed a marked attenuation of FcεRI-mediated degranulation and cytokine production. The hypo-responsive phenotype was not a consequence of altered signals regulating calcium flux or protein kinase C, but of ineffective cytoskeletal reorganization, with evidence implicating a down-regulation of expression of the Src kinase Hck. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a major role for SCF in the homeostatic control of mast cell activation with potential relevance to mast cell-driven disease and the development of novel approaches for the treatment of allergic disorders. Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells were treated with IL3, IL3+IL33, or IL3+SCF. Six replicates each.

2012-05-01 | E-GEOD-35332 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Stem cell factor programs the mast cell activation phenotype

2012-05-02 | GSE35332 | GEO

MAZR and mast cells

Project description:Mast cells are known to be the key players in type I hypersensitivity reactions in humans and mice. They are critically involved in the development of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma and systemic anaphylaxis. In this study we investigated the role of the transcriptional regulator MAZR in mast cells by comparing the expression profile of mast cells generated from wild-type (MazrF/F) and MAZR-deficient (MazrF/F x Vav-iCre) bone marrow cells. Our results from the array data demonstrate that MAZR acts preferentially as a transcriptional repressor in mast cells.

2013-10-18 | E-MTAB-1816 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Induction of Interleukin-9-producing Mucosal Mast cells Promotes Susceptibility to IgE-mediated Experimental Food Allergy

Project description:Experimental IgE-mediated food allergy depends on intestinal anaphylaxis driven by interleukin (IL)-9. However, the primary cellular source of IL-9 and the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to food-induced intestinal anaphylaxis remain unclear. Herein, we have reported the identification of multifunctional IL-9-producing mucosal mast cells (MMC9s) that can secrete prodigious amounts of IL-9 and IL-13 in response to IL-33, and mast cell protease-1 (MCPt-1) in response to antigen and IgE complex crosslinking, respectively. Repeated intragastric antigen challenge induced MMC9 development that required T cells, IL-4, and STAT6 transcription factor, but not IL-9 signals. Mice ablated of MMC9 induction failed to develop intestinal mastocytosis, which resulted in decreased food allergy symptoms that could be restored by adoptively transferred MMC9s. Finally, atopic patients that developed food allergy displayed increased intestinal expression of Il9 and MC-specific transcripts. Thus, the induction of MMC9s is a pivotal step to acquire the susceptibility to IgE-mediated food allergy. dUTP mRNA-Seq profiles of indicated hematopoietic cell lineages were generated on Illumina HiSeq2500. Hematopoietic cells were isolated from Balb/C mice that developed food allergy and bone marrow-derived mast cells were generated from naïve Balb/C mice

2015-09-11 | E-GEOD-72921 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Sirtuin 6 is a negative regulator of FcεRI signaling and anaphylactic responses

Project description:Sirt6 acts as a negative regulator of FcεRI signaling cascade in mast cells by suppressing PTPRC transcription. Activation of Sirt6 may therefore represent a promising and novel therapeutic strategy for anaphylaxis.

2022-12-20 | GSE221092 | GEO

The Hdc GC box is critical for Hdc gene transcription and histamine-mediated anaphylaxis [CUT&Tag]

Project description:Histamine is a critical mediator of anaphylaxis, a neurotransmitter, and a regulator of gastric acid secretion. Histidine decarboxylase is a rate-limiting enzyme for histamine synthesis. However, in vivo regulation of Hdc, the gene that encodes histidine decarboxylase is poorly understood. We sought to investigate how enhancers regulate Hdc gene transcription and histamine synthesis in resting conditions and in a mouse model of anaphylaxis. H3K27 acetylation histone modification and chromatin accessibility were used to identify candidate enhancers; The enhancer activity of candidate enhancers was measured in a reporter gene assay; and the function enhancers were validated using CRISPR deletion. Deletion of the GC box, which binds to zinc finger transcription factors, in the proximal Hdc enhancer, reduced Hdc gene transcription and histamine synthesis in the mouse and human mast cell lines. Mast cells, basophils, brain cells, and stomach cells from GC box-deficient mice transcribed the Hdc gene much less than similar cells from wild-type mice and Hdc GC box-deficient mice failed to develop anaphylaxis. Our results demonstrate that the HDC GC box within the proximal enhancer in the mouse and human HDC gene is essential for Hdc gene transcription, histamine synthesis, and histamine-mediated anaphylaxis in vitro and in vivo.

2023-02-23 | GSE223386 | GEO

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