Slic-seq for A-to-I edited transcripts enrichment
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE169710 | GEO | 2021/03/27
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Prime editing is a versatile genome-editing technique that shows great promise for the generation and repair of patient mutations. However, some genomic sites are difficult to edit and optimal design of prime-editing tools remains elusive. Here we present a fluorescent prime editing and enrichment reporter (fluoPEER), which can be tailored to any genomic target site. This system rapidly and faithfully ranks the efficiency of prime edit guide RNAs (pegRNAs) combined with any prime editor variant. We apply fluoPEER to instruct correction of pathogenic variants in patient cells and find that plasmid-editing enriches for genomic editing up to 3-fold compared to conventional enrichment strategies. DNA repair and cell cycle-related genes are enriched in the transcriptome of edited cells. Stalling cells in the G1/S boundary increases prime editing efficiency up to 30%. Together, our results show that fluoPEER can be employed for rapid and efficient correction of patient cells, selection of gene-edited cells, and elucidation of cellular mechanisms needed for successful prime editing.
2022-02-03 | GSE195977 | GEO
Project description:Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) are RNA editing enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). To evaluate effects of ADARs on small RNAs that derive from dsRNA precursors, we performed deep-sequencing, comparing small RNAs from wildtype and ADAR mutant C. elegans. While editing in small RNAs was rare, at least 40% of microRNAs had altered levels in at least one ADAR mutant strain, and miRNAs with significantly altered levels had mRNA targets with correspondingly affected levels. About 40% of siRNAs derived from endogenous genes (endo-siRNAs) also had altered levels in at least one mutant strain, including 63% of Dicer-dependent endo-siRNAs. The 26G class of endo-siRNAs was significantly affected by ADARs, and many altered 26G loci had intronic reads, and histone modifications associated with transcriptional silencing. Our data indicate ADARs, through both direct and indirect mechanisms, are important for maintaining wildtype levels of many small RNAs in C. elegans. Deep sequencing of small RNAs in wild-type (N2), adr-1 null, adr-2 null and adr-1;adr-2 null mixed stage C. elegans
2012-04-04 | E-GEOD-28888 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Experimental methods for discovering RNA Binding Protein (RBP) binding sites on target RNAs have recently emerged which employ fusions of RBPs to RNA-editing enzymes (such asAPOBEC1 or ADAR) to “label” mRNA. However, off-target editing, genetic variants and sequencing errors can lead to false positives when using data derived from such approaches, and highlight a need for a robust, statistical approach to prioritizing confident binding sites.
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Project description:tau circular RNAs undergo Adenosine to inosine editing, which promotes their translation. To map editing sites,we cotransfected expression constructs for tau 7->12 and 10->12 circRNAs with expression constructs for GFP, ADAR1, ADAR2 and ADAR3 in HEK293 cells. RNA from these transfected cells was isolated and A>I editing was identified by A>G changes in the cDNA.
2022-11-08 | GSE216791 | GEO
Project description:The ADAR RNA editing enzymes deaminate adenosine bases to inosines in cellular RNAs, recoding open reading frames. Human ADAR1 mutations cause Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS) and Adar1 mutant mice showing an aberrant interferon response and death by embryonic day E12.5 model the human disease. Searches have not identified key ADAR1 RNA editing sites recoding immune/haematopoietic proteins but editing is widespread in Alu sequences. We show that Adar1 embryonic lethality is rescued in Adar1; Mavs double mutant mice in which general antiviral responses to cytoplasmic dsRNA are prevented. We propose that inosine bases are epigenetic marks identifying cellular RNA as innate immune ÒselfÓ. Consistent with this idea we show that an editing-active cytoplasmic ADAR is required to prevent aberrant immune responses in Adar1 mutant mouse embryo fibroblasts. No dramatic increase in repetitive transcripts is observed. AGS mutations in ADAR1 affect editing by the interferon-inducible cytoplasmic ADAR1 isoform. RNA-seq expression profiling in Adar1 and Adar1/Mavs knockout mice embryos.
2014-12-19 | E-GEOD-62917 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Generation of transgenic cell lines is limited by inefficient gene editing requiring genotypic screening of hundreds to thousands of colonies to isolate correctly gene-edited cells. Here, we describe a novel method called CRISPRa On-Target Editing Retrieval (CRaTER) that enriches for cells with on-target knock-in of a promoterless cDNA-fluorescent reporter transgene by transiently overexpressing the targeted endogenous genetic locus and sorting for fluorescent cells. We use CRaTER to enrich for rare cells with heterozygous, biallelic-editing of the endogenous, transcriptionally-inactive MYH7 locus in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), resulting in a 9-fold enrichment compared to antibiotics selection alone. We leveraged CRaTER to enrich for heterozygous knock-in of a library of single nucleotide variants (SNV) in MYH7, a gene encoding for sarcomeric MHC-β wherein autosomal dominant missense mutations cause cardiac and skeletal myopathies. CRaTER enabled 90% enrichment of heterozygous, biallelically-edited hiPSCs – a 38.6-fold enrichment compared to antibiotics selection alone – to generate 113 SNVs comprising 78 missense variants in MYH7. hiPSCs that have undergone CRaTER enrichment can differentiate to cardiomyocytes and exhibit expected localization and expression of MHC-β fusion proteins. Together, CRaTER substantially reduces the screening required for isolation of gene-edited cells, enabling the generation of transgenic cell lines at unprecedented scale.
2023-01-31 | GSE213520 | GEO
Project description:Adenosine to Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a site-specific modification of RNA transcripts, catalyzed by members of the ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA) protein family. RNA editing occurs in human RNA in thousands of different sites. Some of the sites are located in protein-coding regions but the majority is found in non-coding regions, such as 3âUTRs, 5âUTRs and introns - mainly in Alu elements. While editing is found in all tissues, the highest levels of editing are found in the brain. It was shown that editing levels within protein-coding regions are increased during embryogenesis and after birth and that RNA editing is crucial for organism viability as well as for normal development. In this study we characterized the A-to-I RNA editing phenomenon during neuronal and spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We identified high editing levels of Alu repetitive elements in hESCs and demonstrated a global decrease in editing levels of non-coding Alu sites when hESCs are differentiating, particularly into the neural lineage. Using RNA interference, we showed that the elevated editing levels of Alu elements in undifferentiated hESCs are highly dependent on ADAR1. DNA microarray analysis showed that ADAR1 knockdown has a global effect on gene expression in hESCs and leads to a significant increase in RNA expression levels of genes involved in differentiation and development processes, including neurogenesis. Taken together, our data suggest that A-to-I editing of Alu sequences plays a role in the regulation of hESC early differentiation decisions. Two samples, One control and the second treated
2010-07-29 | E-GEOD-19719 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The predominant form of RNA editing in animals is the enzymatic conversion of adenosine to inosine that is sequenced in cDNA as guanine. While RNA editing should be identifiable from RNA-seq data alone, genomic SNPs as well as sequencing and mapping errors result in a high false-positive rate. We used Inosine Chemical Erasing (ICE) with deep sequencing (ICE-seq) in order to validate A-to-I RNA editing genome-wide without the need for the sequencing of the underlying genomic DNA. We called RNA editing events in the head transcriptome of the reference strain of Drosophila melanogaster and six resequenced strains of Drosophila yakuba using the Illumina HiSeq and NextSeq platforms. We compared RNA editing sites reported in other studies and measured the level of conservation between D. melanogaster and D. yakuba. We found that while some of the best-studied editing sites in D. melanogaster are also edited in D. yakuba, we also detect a significant amount of species-specific editing in genes with different Gene Ontology enrichments, which suggests that the biological function of RNA editing in the two Drosophila species is diverging.
2017-04-23 | GSE60851 | GEO
Project description:Adenosine deaminases (ADARs) are RNA binding proteins that bind to double stranded RNA and convert adenosine to inosine. Editing creates multiple isoforms of neurotransmitter receptors, including AMPA-subtype Glutamate channels such as Gria2 that is edited to introduce a Q to R amino acid change. Adar2 knock out mice die of seizures shortly after birth, but if the Gria2 Q/R editing site is mutated to mimic the edited version then the animals are viable. We performed RNA-Seq on the frontal cortices of Adar2-/- Gria2R/R mice and their Adar2+/+ Gria2R/R littermates, quantifying overall gene expression, splicing, and A to I editing in a transcriptome-wide fashion. We found 56 editing sites whose level of editing was significantly diminished in the Adar2 deficient animals. The majority of Adar2 responsive editing sites were in the coding regions of genes. Interestingly, other than Adar2 expression, there were only two additional statistically significant differentially expressed genes, Flnb and Cdh13. There were also only three exons that showed statistically significant differences in expression levels between the two genotypes. This work illustrates that ADAR2 is important in site-specific changes of protein coding sequences but has only modest effects on gene expression or splicing in vivo. 6 ADAR2 Knock out frontal cortices and 6 litter mate control frontal cortices from male mice
2016-07-03 | E-GEOD-70588 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Most current methods to identify cell-specific RNA binding protein (RBP) targets require analyzing an extract, a strategy that is problematic with small amounts of material. We previously addressed this issue by developing TRIBE, a method that expresses an RBP of interest fused to the catalytic domain (cd) of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR. TRIBE performs Adenosine-to-Inosine editing on candidate RNA targets of the RBP. However, target identification is limited by the efficiency of the ADARcd. Here we describe HyperTRIBE, which carries a previously characterized hyperactive mutation (E488Q) of the ADARcd. HyperTRIBE identifies dramatically more editing sites than TRIBE, many of which are also edited by TRIBE but at a much lower editing frequency. The data have mechanistic implications for the enhanced editing activity of the HyperADARcd as part of a RBP fusion protein and also indicate that HyperTRIBE more faithfully recapitulates the known binding specificity of its RBP than TRIBE.
2017-08-19 | GSE102814 | GEO